Literary Research Paper Writing Prompts

Artistic Research Paper Writing Prompts Artistic Research Paper Writing Prompts Artistic inquires about, however given not all that much consideration by numerous mentors and educators, structure he larger piece of the students’ composing assignments. To ace the aptitudes expected to direct great abstract looks into, understudies should be persistent and mindful to subtleties. There are a few significant perspectives which are to be continually viewed as when creating an abstract research. The current article would address them endeavoring t assist understudies with increasing more information on artistic research composing. The preeminent abilities to be aced when forming a scholarly research concerns legitimate picking of the bibliographical sources. It's anything but a mystery that the sources chose for either scholarly paper are to be dependable and logical, valid and not out-dated. Subsequently, to choose a writing source during the scholarly research, the understudy needs to focus on the writer and volume of distribution of either sources, just as the distributing house and date. On the off chance that these snippets of data appear to be solid and worth consideration, at that point the understudy may continue with referencing either work. Likewise, the understudy ought to have information on looking at the friend explored articles from those which are definitely not. It is significant for some scholastic papers to refer to just the companion checked on sources, and numerous understudies think that its hard to recognize those. In this way, data and valid sources looking for is the preeminent phase o f each scholarly research composed by an understudy. Another significant advance in forming an artistic research concerns basic assessing of either data discovered during the primary period of composing. The data introduced in the scholarly sources, and in the Internet too, may not generally be valid, and understudies aimlessly depending on it might forfeit their scholastic notoriety. Now and again, they neglect to demonstrate the realities to be incorporated into the exploration and along these lines, their paper couldn't be viewed as acceptable too. Understudies need to have the basic intuition aptitudes just as capacity to apply the proper investigating standards to character if the given examination is important, fair-minded and esteemed for the further abstract research. This is the abilities which couldn't be gotten a handle on promptly, it generally takes long time before it is aced. In the event that you feel that you are not yet as great in abstract research creating, as you’d wanted to, you may consistently contact the client paper composing organizations online for the assistance. The group of independent journalists working in such organizations would assist you with characterizing the believable hotspots for the scholarly research, just as do the initial phase in making out of this scholastic task. Along these lines, their assistance would be truly of incredible incentive to such understudies who are not exceptionally acquainted with the standards and techniques of scholarly research making. At you can an incredible chance to purchase investigate paper on the web, 100% specially composed without any preparation. Our specialists will give you proficient abstract research paper composing help!

Want a Summer Job Head to Orlando

Need a Summer Job Head to Orlando Areâ you searching for a decent summer gig or know an adolescent, youthful grown-up, understudy, or new graduate who is? The activity advertise for this age section is an extreme one-there’sâ an shocking pattern toward unpaid entry level positions for more youthful specialists, and of late grown-ups have been over-burdening the administration business. Yet, examine proposes that the top market out of 150 enormous U.S. markets for summer work is really bright Orlando, FL, home of Mickey and Minnie! Orlando scored this positioning over a review of 21 key measurements, including access to open vehicle and the degree of the lowest pay permitted by law, yet strikingly came in third in accessibility of summer occupations. Scotsdale, AZ, and Ft. Lauderdale, FL, came in second and third, respectively.Orlando has the most low maintenance employment opportunities per 1,000â people in the most youthful age bunch in their work power they get about a 4% knock in summer business, which i s difficult to beat anyplace else.So focus on the mid year the travel industry (thank you Walt Disney Resort and Universal) and look no further for summer business openings and entry level positions. It’s frequently extremely difficult work, especially at Disney, however it’s not too bad paying work and it’s prepared and hanging tight for you.What’s the most noticeably terrible spot, you may inquire? The WalletHub overview named Moreno Valley, CA, as everything Orlando wasn’t-and most exceedingly terrible for summer occupations. They have a high joblessness rate for that equivalent 16-24 age gathering, with many living underneath the destitution line, and zero knock in work numbers for the summer.So on the off chance that you need a mid year work and can’t discover one where you live? Attempt Orlando. APPLY HERE

Lab #3 Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Lab #3 - Speech or Presentation Example Consequently, individuals are not watching a ton of TV. Respondents mean number of hours sitting in front of the TV every day is more noteworthy than the middle number of hours staring at the TV every day that recommend positive skewness (right slanted). As can be found in figure 1, the conveyance of number of hours staring at the TV every day is slanted to right (the long tail of histogram point’s right). This visual skewness is likewise upheld by coefficient of skewness, which is 2.82. 2. Complete a â€Å"Select Cases† work in SPSS to acquire an example from the general populace (whole informational collection). Utilizing the â€Å"degree† variable, select cases so you are taking the piece of the dataset that revealed having not exactly High School as their reaction. Subsequent to finishing the capacity, re-run the suitable measurements and visual portrayal for the â€Å"tvhours† variable and answer the accompanying inquiries (3 Marks) The normal number of hours of the day that respondents with not exactly High School sit in front of the TV is about 3.93 hours (SD = 2.82). About portion of the respondents with not exactly High School sit in front of the TV up to 3.5 hours out of every day. About half of the respondents with not exactly High School sit in front of the TV in the middle of 2 to 5 hours out of every day. A large portion of the respondents with not exactly High School stare at the TV 2 hours out of each day. The scope of the quantity of hours sitting in front of the TV by respondents with not exactly High School is 24 hours out of each day with least being 0 hours of the day and most extreme being 24 hours out of each day (might be a mistake in information!). Sitting in front of the TV more prominent than 3 hours out of every day, as I would see it is a great deal. Along these lines, respondents with not exactly High School are watching a great deal of TV. The mean number of hours sitting in front of the TV every day for respondents with not exactly High School is more prominent than the middle number of hours staring at the TV every day that recommend positive skewness (right slanted). As can be found in figure 2, the appropriation of number of hours

Investigating the involvement of heroin in crime Research Paper

Examining the contribution of heroin in wrongdoing - Research Paper Example Heroin is viewed as a â€Å"opiate tranquilize that is combined from morphine, a normally happening substance separated from the seed case of the Asian opium poppy plant†. It shows up as a white or earthy colored powder and it tends to be infused, smoked, or grunted. Through these courses, it can rapidly convey the medication to the mind. By infusing it, the needle can manage the medication to the circulatory system; by grunting, the medication can be assimilated into the circulation system through the nasal tissues; and by smoking, the medication can likewise be retained into the lungs. These strategies would all be able to prompt compulsion and different genuine medical problems. As heroin enters the mind, it is then changed over to morphine where it later ties with narcotic receptors. Such receptors are found in various pieces of the mind and the body, undoubtedly those which have something to do with view of torment and prize. These receptors are additionally found in the cerebrum stem. The cerebrum stem is associated with the programmed procedures of breathing, circulatory strain, and excitement. (Ritter and Lampkin, 2010). Heroin clients and abusers at first report feeling a flood of elation, joined by dry mouth, warm flushing of the skin, weight in their furthest points, and traded off mental working (Cobb and Brogan, 2008). After this condition of elation, the heroin client at that point experiences a substitute alert and tired state. Through proceeded with heroin use, resilience for the medication sets in and the user’s physiological response to the medication decreases, and more heroin is important to get a similar degree of impact. Clients have a high danger of encountering dependence with about 23% of people utilizing heroin getting reliant to it (NIDA, 2010). The drug’s social effect on clients is extreme. Most abusers discover inconvenience thinking, learning, or having clear musings (ACDE, n.d). More often than not, they can' t hold down occupations; they can be passionless and be not able to complete and support individual connections (Pearson, Gilman, and McIver, 1987). Their failure to discover intends to continue their dependence frequently drives them to wrongdoing. Their impulsive use regularly triggers foolish and flippant conduct which shows as solitary activations and a general lack of concern to injury, torment, and the misfortune caused to other people (ACDE, n.d). Heroin effectsly affects wellbeing. It is related with genuine wellbeing conditions, lethal overdose, unconstrained premature birth, and in certain people infusing the medication †irresistible infections like HIV/AIDS and hepatitis (NIDA, 2010). For delayed clients, they may endure crumbled veins, contamination of the heart coating and valves, abscesses, liver or kidney malady (NIDA, 2010). Some may later create pneumonia which might be brought about by their unexpected frailty just as their undermined breath. The medication so me of the time contains harmful contaminants which can stop up the veins to the lungs, liver, and other significant organs, in this manner prompting changeless harm to these organs (Virmani, Ali, and Binienda, 2010). For long-lasting clients, their heroin use can prompt physical reliance and when they stop utilization of the medication they are probably going to endure serious withdrawal manifestations. These

Summarise Finnis arguments in Natural Law and Natural Rights - Free Essay Example

Brief summary of Finnisà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s argument Finnis claims that a system of authoritative stipulations is required to co-ordinate the common good.[1] The first and most fundamental principle of practical reasonableness is that authority in a community is to be exercised by those who can in fact effectively settle co-ordination problems for that community.[2] In any large and complex community, there will be a need for rules providing for the cooperation and coordination of individuals for the community to act as a community, so that its members survive and flourish, and have a reasonable chance at realising the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"basic goodsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ of humans. To treat something as authoritative is to treat it as an à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"exclusionary reasonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ for action.[3] This means acting accordingly to the stipulations of the person or institution for the reasons that he/she/it has so stipulated, regardless of the existence of at least some other reasons to (or not to) act in that way. To seek out the source of authority is to recognise the notion that all members of a community are entitled to concern and respect.Along these lines Cardinal Bellarmine formulated his transmission theory which states that natural reasonableness requires that there be government authority, but it at the same time doesnt identify any particular person or class as the bearer of authority.Therefore, natural reasonableness requires that everybody (the whole community) be the bearer of authority (who then transmits its authority to representatives).[4] Finnis argues that this conclusion is implausible because we need authority to substitute for unanimity in determining the solution to co-ordination problems that involve everyone in the community.He further argues that this theory either means that there is no authority in the community or it tells us the location of authority in some communities. Finnis concludes that there is a need for authority in order to achieve the common good. In Finnisà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s view the origin of authority is through the principles of practical reasonableness and the basic values of common good, generating practical conclusions from the fact of ability to co-ordinate action for the common good.[5] Rationale behind the conclusion The need for authority in a community where people are energetic and inventive in pursuit of their own or of common goods is apparent. The fact that a person or body has authority over others in a community has normative consequences for practical reasonableness; it affects the responsibilities of both rulers and ruled, by creating certain exclusionary reasons for action. These normative consequences derive from the normative principle that authority is good (because it is required for the realization of the common good) when that principle is taken in conjunction with the fact that a particular person, body or configuration of persons do what authority is to do (i.e. secure and advance the common good).[6] People have different motives and reasons for complying with authoritative stipulations (e.g. fear or force, respect for age or wisdom, belief in divine designation etc.) but for an understanding of authoritativeness of rulers, as a concern of practical reasonableness, it is the sheer fact of effectiveness that is presumptively decisive. Finnis denies the assumption that present authority must rest on some prior authority (of custom; or of the community over itself, granted away to the ruler by transmission or alienation or of individuals over themselves, granted away by promise or implied contract or consent).[7] Rules are unlikely to arise through custom; rather, they are typically imposed by an authority who manages to get bulk of the population to take its say-so as law. In Finnisà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s view, consent, transmission, contract, custom à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" none of t hese is needed to constitute the state of affairs which justifies authority. What is needed to justify authority is that the command or orders of a person or body is complied with and acted upon by the community, and not of any other rival person or body, even though the preferences of individuals are different regarding the relevant problems. Individual motivations for agreeing to the judgment will vary, and those who aspire to authority will ensure that those who are not will be supplied with some exterior motive to concur (i.e. through fear or favour).[8] Also, those who are in authority will lay down directions to ensure the location of authority in future by authoritative rules, thus, eliminating the need of the process of arriving at unanimity to determine authority. The fact that everyone will abide by somebodyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s say-so is the necessary and defeasibly sufficient prerequisite for believing that that person has authority in the community. There are two rider s of this principle. Firstly, Practical reasonableness requires that faced with a purported rulerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s say-so, the members of the community normally should obey him if the purported ruler is designated as the lawful bearer of authority by the constitutional rules authoritative for that time, place, field, and function. Secondly, a mans stipulations have authority when a practically reasonable subject, with the common good in view, would think he à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"oughtà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ to consent to them.[9] Finnis suggests that most lawyers and political philosophers would consider the two riders as fundamental principles of determining authority. In his view, this is due to fact that most realms such as the Romans came into being through usurping authority of another. He further refers to the idea proposed by Sir John Fortescue that even if a government is formulated by bad people its origins stem from natural law. However, Finnis prefers the principles of practical reasonableness and the basic values of common good, over natural law. The place of the argument within the larger thesis Finnisà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ claim about the existence of a presumptive moral obligation to obey the law is founded upon a certain view of human good and of the type of social order that must exist for the achievement of this good. He develops his claim as follows. He argues that there exist certain à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"goodsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, such as knowledge, play and friendship, which have an intrinsic and self-evident value for every human being. Human flourishing consists in the realization of these goods and society must be ordered in such a way that this flourishing à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"the common goodà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" be achieved.[10] à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢Common goodà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ is a set of conditions which enables the members of the community to attain for themselves reasonable objectives, or to realize reasonably for th emselves the values, for the sake of which they have reason to collaborate with each other in a community.[11] à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Practical reasonablenessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ or reasoning about how to achieve the common good will reveal a wide range of commitments, orientations and projects to adopt this end. Many of these commitments and projects will be mutually incommensurable and no one of them will be inherently superior to the other. In order that anything be done, a selection has to be made from this range of alternative reasonable schemes for the community to adopt. Finnis calls these questions about which schemes, procedures and priorities to select à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"co-ordination problemsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢.[12] It is true that the more intelligence and skill of a groupà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s members, and the greater their commitment to achieving common good, the more authority and regulations may be required. This is so because the intelligent members will find many new and better w ays to achieve the aim which multiply the problems of co-ordination by giving the group more possible orientations and projects to choose from. Therefore, these co-ordination problems need a solution in order to achieve the common good. According to Finnis, co-ordination problems can only be solved in one of the two ways à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" by unanimity or authority.[13] He rejects unanimity for being impractical. Thus solutions to co-ordination problems can be found only through authoritative selections from amongst competing schemes for the common good.[14] There has to be some arrangement whereby people treat selections of solutions to these problems through this arrangement as binding or obligatory upon them. The law is one form of authoritative governance and dispute resolution. The law makes available a system of promulgated rules for everyone in the community to follow. It creates frameworks within which people can organise their transactions and so on.[15] Hence, Finnis argues that there is a generic and moral obligation to obey the law. Further in his book, Finnis argues that morality and law are the result of practical reasonableness and laws that donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t aim the common good and donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t meet practical reasonableness requirements should be rejected. However, not all laws that lack moral justifications should be disobeyed because this damages the rule of law. Strengths and weaknesses of the argument with reference to other academics Finnis says that we need authority to achieve the common good, which mean that people who have authority lay down the rules or laws that are to be followed; hence, we should follow the law in order to achieve the common good. The legal order à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"shapes, supports and furthers patterns of co-ordination.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢[16] Thus the law, by solving co-ordination problems, enables us to achieve the common good. The legal order establishes constitutional governance. Under the rule of law, authoritative solutions to coordination problems are established, modified and applied in the form of and by reference to pre-determined and promulgated rules. The exercise of authority in this manner has built into it an element of systematic fairness. When authority is brought to bear upon a person or to solve a given practical problem through the rule of law, systemically speaking its solutions apply not by reference to any partisan or arbitrary preference but by reference to given rules.[17] Finnis seems to assume that it is possible to identify the obvious areas where cooperation and coordination of individuals is required, and the duty of authority is to select from various regimes of rules to fill that need. But in this consideration Leslie Green says that common knowledge of our circumstances cannot simply be assumed.[18] One of the hardest tasks in law and politics is to get people to understand the need for cooperation, especially when it is very comple x or involves people unlike or remote from themselves. Two sorts of errors are common. Firstly, there may be a need for cooperation that is not adequately felt, for instance, where there is a social problem that needs solution but because of ignorance, self-deception or wilful blindness of people; they do not see a task calling for a solution. Secondly, there may be deeply felt coordinative à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"needsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ that are in fact illusory.[19] Joseph Raz objects to one of Finnisà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s claim that a system of authoritative stipulations is required to co-ordinate the common good. Raz argues that there are other equally serviceable methods for the achievement of co-ordination. For instance, the manipulation by the State of the social and economic environment to provide incentives for behaviour that is desirable from the viewpoint of oc-ordination and disincentives against undesirable conduct. Raz calls this à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"government without authorityà ¢Ã ¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢.[20] Another method of government without authority is the use of the coercive powers of the State to provide the morally unscrupulous with prudential reasons to act for the common good. Raz also denies the claim that there is a general moral obligation to obey the law regardless of its content.[21] His position is that the question of whether or not a person is under an obligation to obey depends on his/her situation and the content of the law. Hence we cannot speak of a universal and independent moral duty to follow the law. Finnisà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s claim that authority is the only possible solution in order to tackle coordination problems (since unanimity, in his view, is impractical) is also criticised. Many social coordination problems (including extremely complex ones) are solved by convention, rather than the intervention of authority. Languages, for example, are complex sets of conventions that evolve over time in response to the need for society wide st andards of communication.[22] Hence, it is arguable that social coordination problems may be solved by convention in the absence of a centralised legal authority. This would result in something very similar to (if not completely) unanimity. Conclusion To conclude, Finnisà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s argument about the need for authority has logical basis. But a person or institution should not have absolute authority in determining the rules of the community; rather, there should be a system whereby laws are created by a general consensus of the community. [1] S Aiyar, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Problems of Lawà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Authority: John Finnis and Joseph Raz on Legal Obligtionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, Vol. 19, No. 4 (Jul., 2000), p. 482. [2] J Finnis, Natural Law and Natural Rights (2 ed., Oxford, Clarendon Press, 2011), p. 246. [3] Ibid, p. 234. [4] Ibid, p. 248. [5] Ibid, p. 252 [6] Ibid, p. 246. [7] Ibid, p. 247. [8] Ibid, p. 249. [9] Ibid, pp. 250-251. [10] Aiyar, n(1), p. 466. [11] Finnis, n(2), p. 155. [12] Ibid, p. 231-232. [13] Ibid, p. 232. [14] Aiyar, n(1), p. 467. [15] Ibid, p. 468. [16] Ibid. [17] Ibid, p. 469. [18] L Green, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Duty to Governà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2007) 13 Legal Theory p. 177. [19] Ibid. [20] Aiyah, n(2), p. 482. [21] Ibid, p. 471. [22] J Crowe, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Five Questions for John Finnisà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2011) Pandoras Box, Vol. 18, p. 16.

Paper on Bronfenbrenners Theory (on Journal Article) - Free Essay Example

The Bronfenbrenner’s Theory is defined as describing the nested social and cultural contexts that shape development. Every person develops within a mircosystem, inside a mesosystem, embedded in a exosystem, all of which are part of the macrosystem of the culture (according to the textbook). I found a journal article in Journal of Instructional Psychology explaining the Ecological Model and the importance of teachers to understand the different relationships that impact development. The journal article describes the Bronfenbrenner’s model and how it works in a school. The Mircosystem is the innermost level and refers to the immediate interactions and influences of a person’s surroundings. In the classroom it means that mentors, administrators, and peers play active role in both interaction and influence of a child. It also includes family which is another main source of relationship in the mircosystem. Children can pick up behaviors from these sources but can also distribute their own behavior onto others. The relationships are bidirectional and reciprocal. The Mesosystem is all interactions and influences within the mircosystem. It is support within a larger environment. An example of this would be teacher meetings with parents which could influence the parents and then the parents could influence the child. The Exosystem is the social settings that do not involve the candidate (child) but affect their experiences in immediate settings either formal or informal in a social network. The article pointed out how work can be significance in affecting one’s personal relationship with family. A example could be a parent who works long hours may have less time to be involved in their child’s education. It can come from other factors such as teacher/administration relationships, school board, community resources for health, employment, recreation, or religion. The Macrosystem is the outermost level of the mircosystem and refers to the values, laws, and customs of a particular cultural. It is the larger society. The priority that the Macrosytem gives will affect the support given. The article states that Bronfenbrenner emphasized that change at the Marcosystem is important because it affects all other environmental levels, revising established values and programs in ways more favorable to development and the well being of the candidate. The article said interaction at any level of the Mircosystem can enhance development. The article was similar to what we learned in the textbook reading. It explained the stages in the same way but put more emphasis from a educational standpoint. I learned that at any interaction at any level can enhance development and the Macrosystem affects all other environmental levels. I agree with the article that each environmental level plays role and the interaction is needed in order to develop. I feel Brofenbrenner’s model is correct on how much social context and influences plays part in how we develop. Article info: AUTHOR:Laura D. Tissington TITLE:A Bronfenbrenner Ecological Perspective on the Transition to Teaching for Alternative Certification SOURCE:Journal of Instructional Psychology 35 no1 106-10 Mr 2008 https://vnweb. hwwilsonweb. com. ezproxy. roanestate. edu/hww/results/external_link_maincontentframe. jhtml? _DARGS=/hww/results/results_common. jhtml. 43

Summary Torts - 1599 Words

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Physical Development Of The Physical Brain And Body

Hereditary and environmental aspects are interconnected in the developmental of the physical brain and body (Berk Meyers 2016, p.171). Physical development in early childhood is; awareness of space, body and movement (Rogers Wright 2015, p. 24), development of motor capabilities and physical growth (Berk Meyers 2016, p. 5). From birth to two years, children are experiencing physical change; size and weight, brain development and refinement of motor skills (Berk Meyers 2016, p. 5). The environment, social and genetic aspects all have an influence on the physical development of children (Tatiana et al. 2017, p. 1). Physical development is motor development through stage-based milestones, where the progression of physical skills and†¦show more content†¦As the size of the head is much greater than the rest of the body, the brain developments in a very quick pace (Berk Meyers 2016, p. 161). A majority of brain growth occurs rapidly in the early years of an infant’s life and is a crucial period in brain development (Fallik 2016, p. 7). During the first two years, children are forming neurons that store and communicate information and synapses (Berk Meyers 2016, p.162). Nature refers to inborn factors influencing physical development stated in Estourgie-van Burk 2006 (cited in Berk Meyers 2016, p. 171). Genes are in chromosomes that contain a genetic code, which makes humans who we are (Berk Meyers 2016, p.51). Chromosomal abnormalities also influence physical growth, such as children with Down syndrome have slower motor abilities (Berk Meyers 2016, p. 59) therefore having a significant impact on physical development. From birth, almost all children can learn to crawl, walk and grasp items (Berk Meyers 2016, fig. 5.2). Berk and Meyers (2016, p. 171) considers the rate and growth of body size; height and weight are largely influenced by genetics as long as there are no significant negative impacts on the child. Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s ideas on child development were: children have a natural course of growth (Berk Meyers 2016, p. 13). Arnold Gesell modified Rousseau’s ideas which led to the development of the maturational model of development (Berk Meyers 2016, p. 13), where he believed thatShow MoreRelatedThe Body with the Mind, and Learning Essay1132 Words   |  5 PagesA person’s body is connected with the mind in ways that most people do not normally consider. Eating right with balanced nutrition, keeping the body in motion, frequent and consistent exercising, and keeping emotions in check all have positive effects in expanding a person’s capability to learn. Neglecting to care for the body also neglects to care for the brain. Also neglecting to care for the emotional health of the brain can have ill effects on the body. Without having a balanced diet, anRead MoreAdolescent Physical Growth And Development1055 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The focus of this essay is on adolescent physical growth and development. The aim is to give a brief, coherent overview of the expected areas of of growth and development during adolescence, the factors that can interfere that growth and the ways in which physical growth can be promoted. Physical Development Many physical developments during adolescence are initiated by hormone signals from the brain during the onset of puberty. In males, hormone signals tell the testes to beginRead MoreCorrelation Between Purposeful Movement Within The Classroom And Improved Attention Span With An Increase Student Achievement1382 Words   |  6 Pagesmovement, active learning and the effects it has on the human brain. 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Puberty has historically been viewed as the starting point of adolescence and several factors play a role in determining the timing of puberty suchRead MoreSocial Isolation, Neglect And Child Development964 Words   |  4 PagesSocial Isolation, Neglect and Child Development Social isolation is defined by Nicholson (2009) as a state in which the individual lacks a sense of belonging socially, lacks engagement and social contact with others and is unable to form quality relationships (as cited in Nicholson, 2012). Social isolation and neglect can have detrimental effects on a child’s overall physical, cognitive and emotional development. According to Kendall, Murray and Linden (2007), the initial love and nurturance weRead MoreThe Mind And Body : Theories1174 Words   |  5 PagesThe mind and body are two abstract concepts however; they both can be deduced to a simple principle of materialism. 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Analysis Of The Book Scott - 1525 Words

Her body is stiff as she stares at her brother, running down towards the hallway aiming for her as his eyes glow red. Scott! She screams, trying to snap him out. She continues to scream as he runs towards her. His claws extends as his body grew taller and monstrous. His feet pounding against the school s hallway echoes throughout the building. She pulls out a bow and arrow, aiming it at her brother. She takes a deep breath in, but before she knows it, her body is being shredded by claws with her blood oozing onto the floor. Scott! Scott jerks his body, his eyes glance around to realize that he is not laying in his comfortable bed, with his legs tangled with the cotton sheets. He glances at the wall to see that he is holding his†¦show more content†¦Sorry, Scott mumbles, helping his sister of the floor. She walks into Scott s bathroom in a fluster. After several seconds of her staring at herself in the mirror she lets out a low growl. Nothing like my brother leaving bruises on my neck. What am I supposed to tell people at school? Oh someone tried to strangle me with a wire or how about my brother is a werewolf and I just tried waking him up, but instead you tried suffocating me. Which one sounds better? Mae sasses at her older brother. Mae never had a filter since the day she learned how to speak. From picking up sailor language and being poor at keeping secrets, a filter was never consider. The only person that finds that hilarious is Stiles. Scott stares at her neck to see his hand prints red and swollen around her neck. He knows for sure they ll turn into bruises and Mom would be curious, especially their Dad since he is also back into the house. Can t you just put makeup on it? He questions. Can you stop yourself on a full moon? She mocks him, rolling her eyes. As Mae opens up the door to leave her brother, she runs into Isaac. Isaac gives her a puzzled look and points to her neck. Since when did Mae have a boyfriend and I never knew a small girl could be into that stuff. Isaac questions. Mae s heartbeat rises at the question and she clears her throat. Since when were you dating Allison? Mae changes the conversation and directs it at Isaac, crossing her

A Tell Tale Heart By Edgar Allan Poe - 1156 Words

In Class we have focused on many short stories, while analyzing each story we used the mental disorder sheet to sum up what disorder the characters from each story could possibly be suffering from. We can come to the conclusion that all of the stories we read in class contain some level of madness. For example in the short stories â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† by Edgar Allan Poe, both of the main character in these stories believe that they are perfectly wise, but their out of control behaviors proves that they’re mentally ill or to be more specific insane. In the short story â€Å"A tell-tale heart† the unknown narrator is telling us a story about his neighbor who is an old man but his of a vulture: blue pale eye is what frightens him the most. Every night the narrator would creep over to the old mans house and watch him sleep. Yet throughout the day he would pretend as if nothing happened, he would act as if everything was â€Å"normal†. For someone who claims that are sane wouldn’t do such act. Same thing goes along for the unknown narrator in the short story â€Å"The Yellow wallpaper†. The narrator was a woman that went on a vacation with her husband that rented this huge mansion for them to stay. This one specific room that she is left in, the wallpaper â€Å"is ripped, soiled, has an â€Å"unclean yellow and the formless pattern. After staring at that wall for several hours she started to see a ghostly sub-pattern behind the main pattern. YetShow MoreRelatedThe Tell Tale Heart By Edgar Allan Poe1161 Words   |  5 PagesOut of a vast quantity of these English historians, one stood out to me, his name is Edgar Allan Poe. Poe’s writing had its own unique gothic and horror style. The story, The Tell-Tale Heart is one of his very popular pieces of literature, it not only tells a story, but uses Poe’s unique style of writing to silently incorporate different genres, themes, and symbolism to create a sub-story within the text itself. Poe was born in Boston Massachusetts on January 19, 1809. At the young age of just 2 yearsRead MoreThe Tell Tale Heart By Edgar Allan Poe1569 Words   |  7 PagesIn the short story â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart,† author Edgar Allan Poe employs several literary devices such as symbolism, allegory, and imagery. These devices enable us to see and better comprehend the story’s events through the eyes of the narrator. The narrator explains that he is extremely nervous but clarifies that he is not insane; he even goes so far as to share an event from his past to prove that he is not crazy. He believes that he loves the old man and has nothing against him except his horribleRead MoreThe Tell Tale Heart By Edgar Allan Poe Essay1477 Words   |  6 Pagesyourself and others that you weren’t in the wrong for doing something bad? Well, the narrator in the story The Tell-Tale Heart does. Edgar Allan Poe is known to write stories that are of Dark Romanticism. Dark romanticism is a literary genre that showcases gothic stories that portray torture, insanity, murder, and revenge. The story â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† is no different. Edgar Allan Poe does a great job with making the readers wonder throughout this short story. This allegory makes reader’s questionsRead MoreThe Tell Tale Heart By Edgar Allan Poe1502 Words   |  7 PagesThe author Edgar Allan Poe created a beautiful writing piece called â€Å"Tell Tale Heart†, which included literal elements such as mood, tone, and point of view. The story included a tremulous mood for the reader to be able to feel the excitement of the story. According to the text â€Å"Tell Tale Heart†, it states â€Å"And now at the dead hour of the night, amid the dreadful silence of that old house, so strange a noise as this excited me to uncontrollable terror.† This illustrates that the details of the storyRead MoreThe Tell Tale Heart By Edgar Allan Poe986 Words   |  4 Pagesbade the gentlemen welcome. The shriek, I said, was my own in a dream.† The Tell Tale Heart is one of Edger Allan Poe’s most famous and creepiest stories. The premise of this gothic short story is that a man’s own insanity gives him away as a murderer. By using the narrators own thoughts as the story Poe displays the mental instability and the unique way of creating a gothic fiction. While other stories written by Poe reflect this same gothic structure and questionable sanity, this story has aRead MoreThe Tell Tale Heart By Edgar Allan Poe1133 Words   |  5 Pages Written in 1843, The Tell-Tale Heart by Edgar Allan Poe incorporates nearly all of the gothic elements. While this piece of art may not contain all of the gothic elements, it is the epitome of a gothic short story. In The Tell-Tale Heart, the setting seems to be inside an old house, which strengthens the atmosphere of mystery and suspense. The madness and overall insanity of the narrator illustrates the sense of high, overwrought emotion. The presence of creaking hinges and the darkness representRead MoreThe Tell Tale Heart By Edgar Allan Poe1644 Words   |  7 Pages Edgar Allan Poe was a prominent American writer whose writing reflected his tragic life. He began to sell short stories for profit after being forced to leave United States Military Academy for lack of financial support. Over the next decade, Poe published some of his best-known works, including The Fall of the House of Usher (1839), The Raven (1845), and The Cask of Amontillado (1846). It is in these stories that Po e established his unique dark writing style that often have the recurring themeRead MoreThe Tell Tale Heart By Edgar Allan Poe1030 Words   |  5 PagesA Guilty- Mad Heart â€Å"Burduck then goes on to ponder how Poe used cultural anxieties and psychological panic to advantage.† (Grim Phantasms, G.A. Cevasco). In The Tell-Tale Heart by Edgar Allan Poe, a nameless man narrates the story of how he murdered an elderly man because of his eyes. In his short story The Tell-Tale Heart, Poe shows the themes of guilt and the descent into madness through the narrator, in this gothic horror story. Edgar Allan Poe wrote many gothic tales throughout his lifeRead MoreThe Tell Tale Heart By Edgar Allan Poe879 Words   |  4 PagesIn between guilt, paranoia and obsession The Tell-Tale Heart by Edgar Allan Poe uses several literary elements to support the themes of the story. The story is based on a gruesome murder of an old man. The author uses madness, obsession and guilt as themes to prove how the narrator is truly twisted and insane. Madness is the first theme of the story; in the beginning the narrator tries to convince the audience he is not mad (insane). â€Å"TRUE!... nervous very, very nervous I had been and am; but whyRead MoreThe Tell-Tale Heart by Edgar Allan Poe1136 Words   |  5 Pagesmotivated by the hatred of the eye in this story. The story gives characteristics that fit the profile of a murderer such as the opening sentence, â€Å"TRUE! - Nervous - very, very dreadfully nervous I had been and am; but why will you say that I am mad?† (POE). The narrator believes he is not mad, and thinks that this nervousness is simply caused by being hypersensitive proving his sanity. I felt as though throughout the story, the narrator is trying to convince the reader that he is perfectly sane and not

Security and Privacy Issues of VOIP and Skype

Question: Describe about the Security and Privacy Issues of VOIP and Skype. Answer: Introduction Voice over Internet Protocol commonly known as VOIP is a collection of methods and technologies to exchange voice and multimedia over the network which is the Internet. It allows communication to take place in the form of various services such as fax, SMS, video conferencing and many others (Vaishnav, 2016). Skype is a popular application that makes use of VOIP and has been developed by Microsoft. Skype allows instant messaging, file sharing, audio and video conferencing and a lot more and is widely used by the home and business users to connect with each other irrespective of their geographical locations. There are a number of security and privacy issues that are present in case of Skype and VOIP applications. Literature Review VOIP, Skype and the other applications and services that make use of VOIP make use of Internet Protocol for their activities. For the communications to take place over VOIP there is no dedicated telephone line or system necessary and the same brings down the cost that is associated with the services. The voice and data transfer capacity that comes with VOIP based applications is also massive. Ease of access, non-stop availability and lower costs are some of the features that come handy with Skype and other VOIP applications. However, with numerous advantages and benefits, there are a few risk areas that are also present with these applications. There are increased scenarios of data collision and congestions along with exposure to multiple security risks which may prove to be dangerous for the data and information being exchanged (Fontanini, 2016). Research Questions Following are the research questions that have been addressed and answered with the aid of the analysis and research done on the topic. What is the meaning of VOIP and Skype and what are the services that are provided by each? What are the confidentiality attacks that have an adverse impact on the security and privacy of the information exchanged over VOIP and Skype? What are the integrity attacks that have an adverse impact on the security and privacy of the information exchanged over VOIP and Skype? What are the availability attacks that have an adverse impact on the security and privacy of the information exchanged over VOIP and Skype? What are the measures that can be executed and installed to keep the security and privacy of the information unaltered at all times? Security and Privacy Issues There are three properties of information that must be kept safe and secure at all times and these three properties are confidentiality, integrity and availability. There are attacks that are executed that hamper these properties of data and information which in turn results in compromise on the security and privacy of the same. Confidentiality Threats Eavesdropping of phone conversation Skype and other VOIP applications work on the nodes that are present in this category of communication medium. Due to the presence of a huge number of nodes, an attacker gains access to any one of them and gets a chance to eavesdrop in the conversation or exchange taking place (Xin, 2016). Call Pattern Tracking There is often a pattern associated with the calls that take place over Skype or VOIP services in terms of time, frequency, participants and other factors. These patterns are studied by the attackers and valuable information in retrieved from the same. Data Mining Attacks Attackers acquire the phone numbers or credentials through intercepted message and then execute attacks such as spam calls, fraud messages and likewise (Park, 2016). Reconstruction Attacks A piece of information is acquired by the attacker through unauthorized measures and the same is reconstructed to give it a misleading shape. Integrity Attacks Integrity Attacks Message Alteration The messages that are exchanged over Skype or VOIP are often altered to provide them a different shape and the activity is done in an unauthorized manner. There are a number of entities that are involved in a particular call and these entities are added, deleted or modified by the attacker without the permission to do the same (Obidinnu and Ibor, 2016). Media Alteration The other form of the integrity attack is the alteration of the media. The media being exchanged over the VOIP channels is degraded, upgraded or modified without the required permissions to perform the same. Quality of the media is also hampered in this form of integrity attack (Lazzez, 2016). Availability Attacks Call Flooding The attacker introduces a lot of unwanted traffic on the communication channel which results in breaking down of the services (Sonkar, 2016). Media Session Hijacking Hijacking of the media sessions is often done in which there are unauthorized re-routing and alterations involved. These activities hamper the availability of the services. Server Impersonating The attacker in this form of the attack impersonates as the media server and acquires the trust of the clients. The request and response cycle that is followed by this activity results in disruptions in the availability of the information and services. QoS Abuse Bandwidth of the connections is often exhausted in these attacks and the same cause jitters and slippages which are considered to be a negative point as far as the quality of a particular service is concerned (Shaidani, 2016). Summary of Discussions Review 1 A blended technique has been received in the exploration by gathering the quantitative and also subjective strategy. Various elements have been utilized to ask about the data that is important to actualize the VOIP and Skype procedures in the association. The way of assaults can likewise be resolved with the assistance of gathering the data that is obtained from the different substances. Review 2 VOIP has picked up ubiquity among the clients in the previous couple of years and a great deal of work has been accomplished for the advancement of the administrations that are made accessible by the same. Likewise, there are various dangers that are additionally created by the pernicious elements to hamper the working of the same. There are assaults that are propelled in the expression of VOIP taking a gander at the enormous trade that happens over the medium. The achievement of these assaults permits the aggressors to get hold of the essential and imperative data that is connected with a specific association. These assaults are finished with the utilization of the system and the data security measures and are essentially executed to influence the classification, trustworthiness and accessibility of the data. Flooding, sniffing, dissent of administrations, message adjustment, media modification, listening stealthily and so forth are various such assaults that incur significant damage on the data security over VOIP. The countermeasures to these assaults are additionally grown at the same time to think of the system to moderate and control the effect of these assaults on the data. These measures are created on the premise of the assault and data classification. Issues that were not addressed and its Impact The research on the topic has been done well and the research questions have also been answered accurately. There could have been a little more explanation on the services and the procedure of the operations that are covered under Skype and the various VOIP applications that are present. These would have provided a better understanding of the topic and would have allowed the reader to be engaged in a better manner. Skype is the application that is used by a huge number of users and the functioning details of its services would have added to the knowledge and clarity of the reader about the topic. Lessons Learned There are a number of security and privacy issues that are present with VOIP and Skype. However, the same can be prevented by making use of the measures to avoid and prevent the same. There are various hostile to forswearing of administration measures that can be adjusted by the associations to stay safe from such assaults. The groups can make utilization of constraining of SYN rate or entrance separating also to stay away from the forswearing in the administration and keep up the accessibility of the data and correspondence at all times. There are also many stronger measures associated with the authentication methods such as use of multi layer authentication also know as two steps or three step authentications. Networks need to be monitored on a regular and constant basis by using measures such as network scans, network monitoring, intrusion detection and prevention. Encryption is a powerful technique that will stay significant even if the attacker succeeds in acquiring information from the communication channel as the attacker will not be able to break in to the encrypted information. The same will be of no use in this case. There are a number of legal and regulatory measures that can be adopted to prevent these attacks. A strong legal architecture will automatically minimize the rate and frequency of such attacks (Kulkarni, 2016). The first and foremost measures must never be ignored such as physical security, anti-viruses, installation of firewalls and likewise (Hung, 2016). Security reviews and audits must be a typical movement in the associations to have a check of the security systems that are taken after furthermore to comprehend the regions of change. VOIP and Skype are not dependent upon a particular device or an operating system to be accessed and can be used on desktop as well as mobile devices. These operating systems must be updated on a regular basis to make sure that the risks that are introduced specific to a particular operating system or to a particular version are prevented. It is also necessary to secure the wireless networks over which these applications and services are accessed. It is because these networks act as the prime source of the entry point for the attacker. Conclusion VOIP and Skype are the measures that provide the users an ability to interact easily with each other and perform other activities as well such as transfer of files from one system to another over the Internet. These mediums allow communications to take place in a cost effective manner and with non-stop availability and accessibility as well. However, there are a number of security and privacy issues that are associated with VOIP and Skype in the form of confidentiality threats, integrity threats and availability threats. These can be controlled and treats with the aid of a number of countermeasures that are now made available for the home as well as the business users. References Fontanini, P. (2016). VoIP Security. Brage.bibsys.no. Retrieved 11 September 2016, from https://brage.bibsys.no/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/143809/Fontanini_VOIP_Security.pdf?sequence=1 Hung, P. (2016). Through the looking glass: Security issues in VOIP applications. Retrieved 11 September 2016, from https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.84.7089rep=rep1type=pdf Kulkarni, S. (2016). VoIP Cell Phones : Security concerns and Countermeasures. Retrieved 11 September 2016, from https://www.ijser.org/researchpaper%5CVoIP-Cell-Phones-Security-concerns-and-Countermeasures.pdf Lazzez, A. (2016). VoIP Technology: Security Issues Analysis. Retrieved 11 September 2016, from https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1312/1312.2225.pdf Obidinnu, J. Ibor, A. (2016). A survey of Attacks on VoIP networks and Countermeasures. Ajol.info. Retrieved 11 September 2016, from https://www.ajol.info/index.php/wajiar/article/viewFile/128074/117625 Park, P. (2016). Threats Against Confidentiality VoIP Threat Taxonomy. Ciscopress.com. Retrieved 11 September 2016, from https://www.ciscopress.com/articles/article.asp?p=1245881seqNum=2 Shaidani, S. (2016). Attacks and Defenses Against Voice over IP (VoIP). Retrieved 11 September 2016, from https://www.cs.tufts.edu/comp/116/archive/fall2015/sshaidani.pdf Sonkar, S. (2016). A Review Paper: Security on Voice over Internet Protocol from Spoofing attacks. Retrieved 11 September 2016, from https://www.ijarcce.com/upload/may/A%20Review%20Paper%20Security%20on%20Voice%20over%20Internet%20Protocol%20from%20Spoofing%20attacks.pdf Vaishnav, C. (2016). Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP): The Dynamics of Technology and Regulation. Retrieved 11 September 2016, from https://web.mit.edu/chintanv/www/Publications/MIT_TPP_Thesis_Chintan_Vaishnav_Final.pdf Xin, J. (2016). Security Issues and countermeasure for VoIP. Sans.org. Retrieved 11 September 2016, from https://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/voip/security-issues-countermeasure-voip-1701

Organizational Changes at Meatpack for Bison-myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theOrganizational Changes at Meatpack for Bison. Answer: The managerial approach of Bison would decide the work culture of the organization. According to his aim to make MeatPack a billion dollar organization by 2020, Bison needs to evaluate the pros and cons of hands-off and hands-on approach to the business and put his best foot forward towards managing the organization. Rather than a single management approach, Bison should balance between the hands-off and hands-on approach. The management styles of hands-on and hands-off approach are studied in detail to understand what will benefit the organization. A hands-on approach of management is the manager being in close contact with the employees and is engaged in tasks similar to the employees (Wheelen and Hunger 2017). The hands-on approach gives the employee more job satisfaction and the manager can get better feedback from the employees as well as the customers. In the hands-off approach, the manger trusts the employees to use their creativity and the ideas to solve the issues arising in the organization or any other problems (Nisbet 2017). This approach allows the employees to have more freedom in performing their duties and thereby assures job satisfaction. In this approach, the manager is away from the basic processes of the organization, which makes it tough for them to manage the employees. The Aim that Bison has for MeatPack cannot be achieved by a single managerial approach as there will be the requirement of application of the both the approaches. The expansion of the company would need a more hands-off approach of entrusting the capabilities of the person to whom the job is assigned. On the other hand, more hands-on approach should be taken to inculcate the organizational culture and help the new employees of the organization. The balance of both is extremely necessary for the success of an expanding organization. MeatPack had always been employing people on a word of mouth basis so there have always been employees from the same family working for the company. The management of the MeatPack has also been also been a family owned business for a long time so most of the managerial posts belonged to the family members. This organizational attitude of MeatPack has always been a hands-on approach being a family run organization, which has made it a micro managed organiza tion curbing its growth. The Human Synergistics Circumplex introduced to MeatPack showed negative behavior of the employees for which necessary changed in the management are to be made to make a horizontal organization rather than a hierarchical one (Ellis 2014). The horizontal team of managers needs to have a hands-on approach to the interaction with the employees and Bison need to have hands-on approach towards these managers to explain the work environment and organizational goals with them. While expanding the company the franchisee the person under whom the franchisee is entrusted needs to be trusted with his task and more hands-off approach is to be taken for them to have their freedom to do their work. According to reinforcement theory of motivation in organizational behavior it in needed improve the organizational attitude of the new employees and inculcate the work culture and ethics in them (Lepper and Greene 2015). This needs a more hands-on approach towards the new employees. The hands-on approac h employed with the new employees helps them learn quicker and inculcate work culture, which has positive effect on their job satisfaction. Once they learn they should be allowed to use their experiences and a more hands of approach should be taken. To make cultural changes in the organization a more hands-off attitude toward the organization is to be employed to understand the culture of the employees and explain the organizations culture to them. The imbalance of approach from Bisons side would harm the overall work balance of the organization as the job satisfaction of the employees and their workplace attitude depends on it (Christensen and Schneider 2015). The Behavior-Attitude Theory of Organizational Behavior is to be employed in such a cross-cultural organization where assessment with Enterprise resource planning (ERP) software is done (Haddara, Fagerstrm and Mland 2015). The hands-off approach is to be employed when the management is made to shift from the family oriented business to a cross cultured organization. Bison needs to manage the two management styles to create a balance to that a hands-on approach is available based on their personal work ethics. Some employees may find a hands-on approach helpful while others will find it intrusive. The management should pay heed how to manage the employees based on the work ethics preferable across cultures. Thus, Bison needs to manage his organization by balancing his attitude between these two management attitudes. To balance a multicultural Pan-Australian organization intrusive steps need to taken in some area while others need to be given a certain amount of freedom to perform their duties. An overdoing of ant of the two approaches would harm the organizational attitude and behavior of the employees affecting their productivity. The hands-on and hands-off attitude will help Bison increase the reach of his organization and adapt according to the cultural need helping in the growth. The development of the leadership competency among his senior strategic team is something Bison has been keen to do. The change in the senior strategic team and the management that Bison wanted changed the dynamics of the company. Bison was very enthusiastic about the change in the senior management and too active participation in a senior leader development company and an executive coaching. The interaction with the senior team members gave the team members important insights (Dong et. al. 2017). The change in the senior management level brought about a number of changes in the management and with the senior team, Bison too found it tough adapt with the organizational changes happening in the organization. He found the new hands-off approach to be extremely hard to adapt. Moreover, the lack of quickness in decision-making in certain cases and his keeping his involvement minimum when the decisions did not suit him was tough for Bison. Bisons hands-on attitude in the management of MeatPack and his intervention in the work of senior officials caused a number of leaders to leave. The thing harming the repute of the company was that these people were helping in the progress of the company. The lack of communication among the senior strategic teams caused the misunderstanding among them regarding the purpose causing many senior officials to leave (Mishra, Boynton and Mishra 2014). These officials leaving the Meatpack affected its business as according to its COO as they were making positive progress before they left. The resigning proved to be harmful for the business as the consumer and supplier relationship suffered, which helped competitor to gain an edge over the company. The structural and organizational changes in the management along with the outsourcing did not help the purpose of the company as it brought loss of business and lack of leadership in the organization. The internal debates arising in the organization regarding the profitability after the outsourcing and the question arising about the changes in the organizational structure is proving to be harmful for the company. Nonetheless, it was a start towards management changes for an organization, which gives its ground root employees more job satisfaction and a better scope, which would in future be conducive for Bisons aim of becoming a Billion dollar organization. Serious steps need to be taken by Bison to resolve his issues and lead from the front by sharing his vision regarding the company and its future. To fulfill this, a proper organizational communication plan needs to be made through which the new ideals and the ambitions of Bison can reach the employees and they can work as a unit for its achievement. The communication steps are to be taken as shown in Structural Functions Systems Theory where communication channels are kept open and transparent regarding the crisis. A proper organizational communication channel would also help in resolving issues between different managerial bodies, the task they are assigned and the work (Ritzer and Stepnisky 2017). Positive reinforcement should be given to the employees and they should be kept updated regarding the organizational changes and the expectations from them. A more hands-off approach, unless it is necessary. The competence of the top senior officials should be trusted they should be given their creative space to perform their duties. Bison needs to keep in account the fact that after employing people other than those of his family he needs to keep a balance such as those in Unequal Human Capital Theory where certain employees feel others get better treatment than them (Marvel, Davis, and Sprout 2016). Bison should get the stakeholders and the employees involved in the achievement of his ultimate ambition in accordance to Diffusion of Innovation Theory (Baskerville et. al. 2014). In this way in times of crisis like the one in the senior management and otherwise the employees will keep high morals and will productively work towards the progress of the organization. If the management takes these steps, better output is expected from the organization. The organizational management needs to device its communication channel to reach out to the employees and organizational skills should be used to provide a proper work environment (Shockley-Zalabak 2014). In a cross-cultural expansion envisioned by Bison, steps are needed to use cross-cultural management, which will help the organization understand the employees and the employees from different backgrounds to identify with the organizational culture (Thomas and Peterson 2017). These management skill help in making the employees from various cultures understand the work culture and the aims of the organization. Cross-cultural management, employment, and recruitment will not be enough to for the progress and achievement of Bisons goals. The products need to be marketed and sold to the clients across different cultural backgrounds, which will need a proper understanding of the market (Kaynak and Herbig 2014). The senior management needs to do these marketing developments for the progression of the organization. The organizational management needs to diversify its approach and change its organizational approach according to the needs of the environment. It also needs to identify with the mutual goals in accordance with the people it employs. Hence, the senior management needs to organize and manage the behavior of the organization in such a way that the workplace attitude is positive and the productivity is increased. The flatter structure of the organization helps the managers and the senior officials becoming leaders rather than managers (Yinan, Tang and Zhang 2014). The leading attitude of the managers helps in developing a team attitude among the employees of the organization. The organizational culture in MeatPack underwent a change with the change in the structural organization as planned by Bison. The demanding nature of the work to be done for the organization leads to low productivity because of the nature of work in the organization. Majority of the employees working for MeatPack display a high loyalty towards the company and have been working for it for 10 to 15 years. The flatter structure of the organization helps in developing a more hands-on approach and having a better team attitude. The new approach helps in improving the communication between the employees as the middle management is removed which is prevalent in hierarchical organization. The structure allows the employees to understand the expectations of the organization and provide better outputs increasing the productivity of the organization. The flatter structure of the organization helps the senior management to reach out to the employees with the goals of the organization and the ways of achieving it. In case of MeatPack, where the workers have been working for a long time and were majorly employed on a word of mouth basis, such cultural change and the change in management required a flatter structure for a better understanding among the employees and the management. The change in the structure has helped the employees in valuing themselves more as a part of the organization and thus giving more effort in the development of the organization. The Rockefeller Habits encouraged by Bison to be followed by the organization help in progress of the organization (Bell 2015). Despite the early communication crisis among the senior executives, the step of flatter management has helped in the development of job satisfaction among the front line employees, which has helped in increasing the productivity. The increasing number of m anagers and the lack of worker is one of the problems. There have not been any major barriers because of the cultural change but there have been issues, which the management needs to resolve (Jessop 2013). The only barrier to the cultural change, which also affected its proper implementation, was the lack of proper communication channels. The change in the organizational structure required new communication channels according to the structure and the transition in communication was the barrier to the cultural change in the organization (Shockley-Zalabak 2014). The cultural changes in the organization brought about by Bison greatly influenced the workplace attitude and the productivity of the organization (Alvesson and Sveningsson 2015). However, the communication channels improved the work culture change from hierarchical to a flat organization posed other issues regarding the productivity. The increased number of mangers in the organization leads to imbalance between the productivity goals and the original production output of the organ ization. The new pattern of the work shifts is another issue because of which the day shift employees face a lesser workload than evening shift employees. There has been increasing pressure on the line mangers and the frontline employees to deliver on time. Apart from earlier tussles amongst the senior employees to leave there have been no major effects or barriers in the organization. There have been situational crisis during the initial implementation of the new work culture, but later the employees of MeatPack adapted to it (Muscalu and Halmaghi, 2015). The cultural changes in the organization have been smooth because of the loyalty of the employees. Work attitudes toward the cultural change have been mostly positive for the organization from both the managerial level and the frontline production employees. Bisons idea of involving the management with the employees has developed an organization strategy where the employees are given importance along with the managerial team. They are given equal space and priority in the achievement of the organizational goals because of which, the employees take part in increasing the output of the organization. Despite of being multicultural organization, there have not been any major cultural clashes in MeatPack because it is a familial organization. The cultural changes affected the productivity positively, made the organization a better place, and greatly increased the job satisfaction of the employees. The crisis arising due to the lack of communication was perhaps the only problem arising out of the cultural shift, which was automatically resolved after the management transition, was complete. The barriers of the cultural change in case of MeatPack were the change that was intended. When the transition of the organization was complete, the issues were resolved automatically. References Alvesson, M. and Sveningsson, S., 2015.Changing organizational culture: Cultural change work in progress. Routledge. Baskerville, R., Bunker, D., Olaisen, J., Pries-Heje, J., Larsen, T.J. and Swanson, E.B., 2014, June. Diffusion and Innovation Theory: Past, Present, and Future Contributions to Academia and Practice. InInternational Working Conference on Transfer and Diffusion of IT(pp. 295-300). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. Bell, K., 2015. Habits: remaking addiction. Christensen, K. and Schneider, B. eds., 2015.Workplace flexibility: Realigning 20th-century jobs for a 21st-century workforce. Cornell University Press. Dong, Y., Bartol, K.M., Zhang, Z.X. and Li, C., 2017. Enhancing employee creativity via individual skill development and team knowledge sharing: Influences of dual?focused transformational leadership.Journal of Organizational Behavior,38(3), pp.439-458. Ellis, T., 2014. How to increase the chance of project success (1087). InMastering Complex Projects Conference 2014(p. 283). Engineers Australia. Haddara, M., Fagerstrm, A. and Mland, B., 2015. Cloud ERP Systems: Anatomy of Adoption Factors Attitudes.Journal of Enterprise Resource Planning Studies,2015. Jessop, B., 2013. 12. Recovered imaginaries, imagined recoveries: a cultural political economy of crisis construals and crisis-management in the North Atlantic Financial Crisis.Before and beyond the global economic crisis: Economics, politics and settlement, p.234. Kaynak, E. and Herbig, P., 2014.Handbook of cross-cultural marketing. Routledge. Lepper, M.R. and Greene, D. eds., 2015.The hidden costs of reward: New perspectives on the psychology of human motivation. Psychology Press. Marvel, M.R., Davis, J.L. and Sproul, C.R., 2016. Human capital and entrepreneurship research: A critical review and future directions.Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,40(3), pp.599-626. Mishra, K., Boynton, L. and Mishra, A., 2014. Driving employee engagement: The expanded role of internal communications.International Journal of Business Communication,51(2), pp.183-202. Muscalu, E. and Halmaghi, E.E., 2015. CHANGE IN ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE.Scientific Bulletin" Mircea cel Batran" Naval Academy,18(2), p.348. Nisbet, E., 2017. A hands-on hands-off approach: governance of managed long-term care services in a context of rapid policy change.Public Management Review, pp.1-21. Ritzer, G. and Stepnisky, J., 2017.Modern sociological theory. SAGE Publications. Shockley-Zalabak, P., 2014.Fundamentals of organizational communication. Pearson. Thomas, D.C. and Peterson, M.F., 2017.Cross-cultural management: Essential concepts. Sage Publications. Wheelen, T.L. and Hunger, J.D., 2017.Strategic management and business policy. pearson. Yinan, Q., Tang, M. and Zhang, M., 2014. Mass customization in flat organization: The mediating role of supply chain planning and corporation coordination.Journal of Applied Research and Technology,12(2), pp.171-181.

The American Obsession with Bodily Perfection free essay sample

The American Obsession with Bodily Perfection America is a growing and changing nation, but one characteristic has outlasted the years. The obsession for a socially-accepted body, whether it be wearing a corset, being big and voluptuous or, for men, being muscular and lean, has always existed. The culprit, a negative body image, now haunts approximately eight million people across the United States and is beginning to seep into more American minds as the â€Å"Perfect† disease spreads (Davis 8). In the past decade, the pressure to have â€Å"the perfect body† has dramatically increased in America; every individual in this nation has a different view of what â€Å"the perfect body† actually is, and many people who are seeking it are willing to take radical measures, like suffering from an eating disorder or turning towards cosmetic surgery to erase the imperfections of their body they believe exist. Quests for â€Å"the perfect body† in the past few years have increased in both males and females. We will write a custom essay sample on The American Obsession with Bodily Perfection or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Women are pounded with media every day telling them, â€Å"thin is in† or â€Å"thinner is better,† but in reality, achieving this â€Å"ideal† body is sometimes impossible and unhealthy to obtain (Davis 12). Ten billion dollars a year is spent by the American population to look â€Å"ideal† and lose weight (Kuberskey 19- 20). In fact, â€Å"ideal weight† has varied in America from one generation to the next. Marilyn Monroe was curvy and voluptuous in one decade and, in another, Kate Moss began the thin epidemic, but both for their time period were ideal. The information stating that thin is beautiful sparks from the media, for female celebrities are usually portrayed on the television or in magazines without flaws. What many young women do not understand about television and magazines is the art of digital body contouring. All models or celebrities have imperfections, yet in pictures or digital images the editor airbrushes over them, creating a look of perfection. Sadly, these false statements and images affect teenage girls, the main readers of these magazines and viewers of these television shows (Davis 21). Teenage years are when girls find out who they are, and up and coming teenage girls have now been taught that being slender is the only accepted bodily form (Kuberskey 15-16). According to Brangien Davis, â€Å"Advertisers in the beauty and fashion industries make it seem that if we don’t strive for the beauty ideal, we won’t be successful or happy in life† (13). In the advertiser’s minds, the only thing that matters is that beauty sells (Davis 21). Because of these pressures to look beautiful and sophisticated, a negative body image tends to affect females rather than males. Girls define themselves by their appearance, yet boys define themselves by their abilities, therefore, men wish to be lean and muscular. For this reason, men are not immune to the quest for bodily perfection; no one is (Davis 15). These quests for perfection are usually undetectable in men, for men do not speak about their obsession because they fear being embarrassed or looking feminine. Males are subconsciously influenced by muscular heroes like GI Joe, muscle and fitness magazines, or even male models (Kassar). These men with body issues believe they are not muscular or lean enough and fear gaining weight. These secretly infatuated men are beginning to show their obsessions in our everyday lives just as commonly as women show their obsessions. Men’s fascinations with the perfect body are sometimes more dangerous than women’s fascinations, for men use drugs like anabolic steroids to gain muscle and become â€Å"ideal. † They work out excessively and use Creatine to increase muscle tone and, deceivingly, look toned and healthy, although their body is suffering (Kassar). Dr. Brian Kassar believes that â€Å"In men’s perspective if you are thin, muscular and ‘virile,’ you will be personally and sexually fulfilled. † To have â€Å"the perfect body,† weight is obviously a major concern to the minds of these fanatical people. They develop, sometimes after Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, eating disorders such as Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa and Disordered Eating. Other causes of eating disorders include media, celebrities, models, advertisements, child abuse or wanting complete control over oneself (Kuberskey 28-30). Young people from their early teenage years to mid- twenties are especially susceptible to these eating disorders, for advertisements, television shows, and magazine articles are targeted towards people in this age group (6). Eating Disorders are most commonly heard about on the television, for, in Hollywood, celebrities are accused, every day, of having an eating disorder. Because of a common misconception that celebrities are the only individuals that suffer from these mental illnesses, many people do not realize that it exists all around them. It is estimated that sixty-two percent of teenage girls and twenty eight percent of teenage boys have been on diets, and many of these teens have used dangerous methods to lose weight (6). The most common eating disorder is Bulimia Nervosa. This disease is a modern disease, for it was recently, in the past two or three decades, discovered (Kuberskey 41-46). Bulimia is extremely hard to detect but dangerous, for people with this mental illness are not extremely thin, as they are with Anorexia, and may look healthy on the outside while suffering internally. Because the two most common characteristics of Bulimia are binging, eating a large amount of food in a short amount of time, and purging, regurgitating the food after swallowed, it is extremely harmful to the digestive system. It erodes the esophagus, gums and teeth and, also, disturbs the heart rhythm (Kuberskey 41-46). Purging comes in many forms including using laxatives, water pills or diet pills, exercising excessively, and fasting prior to binging. Bulimia is often carried by a sufferer along with a secretiveness and shamefulness about binging and purging (Segal). The second most common eating disorder and, also, the deadliest is Anorexia Nervosa. The mortality rate for Anorexia Nervosa is the highest of any mental disorder (Jerome). Anorexia, for short, is the refusal to keep a healthy weight for one’s height, body type, age and activity level (Segal). This illness is developed when people take the new â€Å"Diet Fad† too far and began to starve themselves to get their desired results. They spend every moment worrying about food, and the worst and most feared feeling an anorectic can experience is the sensation of being full. They exhibit an overwhelming fear of getting fat and have an extreme concern about body weight and image. Warning signs of Anorexia are extreme weight loss, dry, pale skin, brittle hair and, for females, a loss of menstrual periods (Kuberskey 36-40). A third type of eating disorder is Disordered Eating, EDNOS, which is extreme food restriction and weight management. Forty to fifty percent of women are considered disordered eaters (Natenshon). Some characteristics of being a disordered eater are chewing food and then spitting it out without swallowing it and binging and purging irregularly (Segal). Natenshon states the following information that could prevent one from becoming a disordered eater: 1. Dieting is the worst way to lose weight. 2. Breakfast is the most important meal of the day, so eat it! . Fat free eating is not healthy. 4. Excessive behavior about food is unhealthy (Natenshon) Disordered eating is not as controlling as a real eating disorder like Anorexia or Bulimia, yet it may lead to one. A looming question floats around in many minds after they have been educated or taught about these mental diseases: Do sufferers from eating disorders ever completely recover? Fellow student Sarah Darby, whom was affected, or par tially still is affected, by Anorexia believes one never really recovers from eating disorders. She states the following: NO, I do not believe Anorexia or other eating disorders are something that you ever recover from. I was diagnosed with Anorexia, and I will never be able to look at a slice of pizza without searching for the grease or devour a cookie without calculating the calories. With every glance in the mirror, I perform an evaluation of my size and body, but life goes on. Without this illness I would not be me (Sarah Darby Interview). As one can see, these weakening diseases always lurk inside their carriers, and are always, in the back of their minds, saying â€Å"NO,† to food. Many people support this opinion, yet others like the Renfrew Center, whom help the eating disorder sufferers, believe it can be cured and work every day to prove it can happen. The Renfrew Center, and its many branches of business, is a forty bed facility for women where each one undergoes therapy for their self-specific eating disorder; these clinics can run up to $1,500 a day. At this rehabilitation center the patients take part in individual, art, dance and therapy sessions as well as weigh-ins, room checks and closely monitored meals. Staffers watch the sufferers like a hawk, making sure they follow all of the strict rules (â€Å"Dying to be Thin†). With the increase in eating disorders, many mental and medical treatments have been developed to try and help these mental patients recover. Some mental treatments include Individual therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy, Family and Group Therapy, and even Online Support Groups. Medical treatments also exist; they include antidepressants, dietician and nutritionist help, naturopathy, acupuncture, aromatherapy and mediation and homeopathy (Segal). Change me†¦Fix me†¦Make me perfect,† is a quotation that specifically describes the mentality of many American citizens in the modern day world, and it is set permanently in these perfectionist’s minds. Plastic and cosmetic surgeons are making millions of dollars because of this American thought. In the year 2002 liposuction was preformed most frequently with 372,831 patients, and it was followed closely by the number of breast augmentations and reductions with approximately 350,000 patients. Cosmetic surgery is ultimately a 7 billion dollar industry containing procedures such as liposuction, breast augmentations, face lifts, and anti- aging treatments (Gail). With obesity rates skyrocketing in America, particularly in the South, a procedure called liposuction has increased considerably. Women are extremely susceptible to this â€Å"fat erasing† epidemic because, as Kendall Hamilton and Julie Weingarden say, â€Å"We, women, want fullness where we are flat and flatness where we are full. † This extremely invasive and, also, particularly expensive procedure definitely has more cons than it has pros (Rollins). Liposuction has the ability to make a patient extremely attractive, boost a patient’s self-esteem and lower a patient’s body weight, but this person must be psychologically stable, physically healthy, emotionally realistic and within fifteen percent of their ideal body weight (Gail). There is also, like in many surgeries, the death factor to consider. Although death is uncommon, approximately one patient dies every 5,000 procedures, and it is still a major risk and should be taken very seriously (Jerome). After liposuction an excess of skin may be left behind or the patient may be lumpy where they where suctioned. This drawback of liposuction is common, and it may lead to other surgeries, such as tummy tucks or even more liposuctions, which are used to fix these additional mistakes (Gail). â€Å"The Boob Epidemic†, as it is referred to by Cosmopolitan journalist Melissa de la Cruz, is characterized as flocks of teenage girls â€Å"racing† to cosmetic surgeons on a quest for a larger, perkier chest. The number of women eighteen years old and younger that had breast augmentations from year 2002 to year 2003 rose from 3,872 patients to 11,326 patients. In total, 250,000 women received a breast augmentation. Many factors have contributed to the increase in breast augmentations. New and improved implants are being made out of saline instead of silicone, for if saline implants leak, the body can absorb the saltwater, whereas, if silicone implants leak, the body is overcome with silicone poisoning, which is extremely toxic. In the media, celebrities are often seen with large breasts which are often enhanced by breast augmentation surgery. When young female adults see these big busted actresses all over the television it peaks their interest and may make them want to receive this unneeded surgery (de la Cruz). Also, during the past few years a way to undergo a decreased recovery time and have a less visible scar has been discovered. Instead of making the incision around the nipple of the breast or underneath the breast, it is being made under the arms; this reduces the appearance of scars and lessens the recovery time from three weeks to less than one week. As with liposuction, breast augmentations have more disadvantages than advantages. These implants may leak, sometimes, causing the patient to get them removed or replaced. This procedure can also alter muscle development, cause rippling skin near the breast, become rock hard from calcification, cause silicone poisoning and , if received before proper mature age, cause psychological problems. â€Å"Almost twenty percent of breast implant patients decide to get them removed within five years† (de la Cruz). As America and its’ inhabitants age, the search for â€Å"the Fountain of Youth† is never ending, but in place of this fictional fountain of restoration is anti- aging treatments which have become all the rage for women over forty years old. When women hit their thirties and forties their skin begins to sag and wrinkles begin to emerge, which look nothing like the youthful images of older women that are portrayed on television (Gail). These women seek treatments such as Botox injections which have made a steady increase in the past ten years and continue to climb every day (â€Å"Face- lifting and Other Facial Plastic Techniques†). Also, there exist other noninvasive treatments, such as chemical peels, microdermabrasions, laser hair removals, and collagen injections. The procedures like Restylane, CosmoDerm, Cosmoplasts, and human collagen injections all spawn from the thought behind Botox injections; all of these operations are quick to perform, keeping the patients returning for more (Barrett 85). Botox injections are the most popular cosmetic procedure in America with almost 1. 6 million recipients in the year 2002. This shot was originally used by physicians to calm their patient’s twitchy eye muscles, but it is now used for many reasons including the reduction of wrinkles, the main reason, and the elimination of migraine symptoms. This physician injects Botox in the problem spots of the face, freezing nerve impulses and making the face void of expression. Patients, after this muscle paralyzing procedure, cannot frown, squint, raise their eyebrows, or show any sign of disappointment or excitement. Botox, also, is a diluted poison and, if not thoroughly diluted, it may cause botulism, a sometimes fatal form of food poisoning. Other complications this injection of vanity may promote are the loss of ability to raise one’s eyebrows all the way, the excess of drooling due to paralysis of the mouth and the permanent loss of facial expressions. Also, this procedure cannot cure all wrinkles, for some naturally emerge and some are actually caused by the position of certain muscles under the skin. So, as Michael D. Lemonick states, â€Å"Botox isn’t a cure-all, and it has some pretty odd side effects. But if you don’t mind getting shot up with poison and you don’t mind paralyzing parts of your face—well, you’ve got plenty of company. † How do we stop all of these radical quests for â€Å"the perfect body? † What is â€Å"the perfect body? Everyone’s idea is different, and, unfortunately, unless this idea of perfection and vanity is stopped in the minds of small children and teenagers, it will grow as they do until it reaches the point of explosion. Narcissism, I believe, is the root of all evil and until American citizens respect their own body and embrace themselves, this epidemic will live forever. Americans want the impossible, what they cannot have, and it is beginni ng to show that they will do anything in their power to reach what they believe is perfection.