Summary Torts - 1599 Words

Torts I Fall 2015 Midterm This set of questions and answers was created by [6046]. 1.) Kaycee is the starting quarterback for the University of Montana Law Schools’ Blewits. He’s had a tremendous senior season and is the front runner for the most prestigious reward in college football, the Heisman. During a game against Oregon, the following set of facts occurred. It was in the midst of the fourth quarter and Kaycee had just thrown an 81-yard touchdown pass to Dillon, giving the Blewits a three-point lead. As Kaycee was doing his famous touchdown dance, an extremely upset John ran onto the field from the stands and blindside tackled Kaycee directly in the knees. Kaycee never saw John coming, and as a result of John’s vicious hit, Kaycee suffered torn ACLs in both knees. After visiting the doctor, Kaycee has learned that he will never be able to play football again. Kaycee is extremely upset about the incident, and more specifically the millions of dollars he will not make through being an NFL player. In seek of retribution Kaycee has sued John for the intentional tort of battery. What will be the result of Kaycee’s lawsuit against John? (A) Kaycee will be awarded appropriate damages on the behalf that John had a duty to abide by the rules of the game and he breached this duty through viciously tackling Kaycee in a time in which the rules clearly prohibit. (B) Kaycee will not be able to recover damages because football is a very physical sport and KayceeShow MoreRelatedThe Case Lawsuit Filed Suit1014 Words   |  5 PagesNow through undersigned counsel, come Defendant, Lauris Hollis (Defendant), who respectfully request that this Court grant their Motion for Summary Judgment dismissing the Plaintiff s claims against him. 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Introduction and Standard for Opposition to Summary Judgment Crowell Academy, Inc. and Arturo Gomez, (hereinafter, collectively Crowell) were grossly negligent and used willful misconduct in their responsibilities involving the fencing club. The bargaining power of Crowell was so grossly unequal so as to put Lajuana Barnett at the mercy of Crowells negligence. Lastly, the exculpatory clause contained in the release form (see release form) is void as against public policy. ConsequentlyRead MoreAlumina Inc: Minimizing Tort Liability Arising Out of Regulatory Risks1338 Words   |  6 Pages Regulatory risks are risks associated with the failure to comply with a whole host of governmental regulations. Such risks impact a company’s existing assets, earnings, and often, reputation. In the context of tort liability arising out of non-compliance of government regulations, it is in every company’s business interest to allocate resources to identify those risks, and to implement action plans to avoid such risks. In the event th ose risks do materialize, the company needs to have systemRead MoreAssignment 2 Essay840 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Christina Freeman 1. What court decided the case in the assignment? (2 points) Court of Appeals of Ohio, First District, Hamilton County. 2. According to the case, what must a party establish to prevail on a motion for summary judgment? (3 points) In order to prevail on a motion for summary judgment, a movant has the burden to demonstrate that no genuine issue of material fact remains to be litigated; that it is entitled to judgment as a matter of law, and that it appears from the evidence, when viewedRead MoreIRAC Brief1018 Words   |  5 Pagesthe plaintiffs Motion for Partial Summary Judgment as to liability against HDA (dkt. no. 65) is GRANTED. It is SO ORDERED. Business Managerial Setting Application There are numerous torts to consider when reviewing Anderson v HDA: (1) Intentional Tort a civil matter resulting in an intentional act of damages. (2) Unintentional Tort civil matter unintentional acts that results in economic loss, property damage, or physical injuries. (3) Property Torts occur when one s enjoyment of theirRead MoreThe Liability Of A Negligence Tort Suit For School Districts1111 Words   |  5 Pages Tort can be defined as, â€Å"an act or omission which unlawfully violates a person’s right created by the law, and for which the appropriate remedy is a common law action for damage by the injured person (AA pg632). There are four main types of tort, these are: a) intentionally interferences, b) strict liability, c) negligence, and d) defamation (AA). Tort cases involving schools predominantly involve parents as plaintiffs and the school personnel as defendants. Although tort cases are relativelyRead MoreTort Law for Damages Practiced in Civil Law1210 Words   |  5 Pages Tort Law Tort Law has been a Civil Law practiced and used since the beginning of Law, after mankind first discovered what was right and what was wrong. It is a private or civil wrong for which damages may be removed and involves; falls at work, work vehicles, and nuisances. It’s a civil law that can be recognized for a law suit. It has a wide range of provisions and can range from negligence, purposeful, and ethics. Among the types of damages the injured party may recover are: loss of earningsRead MoreTort And Employment Of Inept Teachers1296 Words   |  6 Pages Tort and Employment of Inept Teachers Tort can be defined as, â€Å"an act or omission which unlawfully violates a person’s right created by the law, and for which the appropriate remedy is a common law action for damage by the injured person (Alexander Alexander, 2012 p. 632). There are four main types of tort, these are: a) intentionally interferences, b) strict liability, c) negligence, and d) defamation (Alexander Alexander, 2012 p. 633). Tort cases involving schools predominantly involve parentsRead MoreWidget Corporation Case Study1127 Words   |  5 PagesSummary Widget Corp., a Delaware-organized, California-based, company has been sued in Texas by a customer that experienced a defective installation of Widget’s products. Widget, through a written and signed contract for services, hired Lyle, a local handyman, to perform the delivery and installation of said products. As part of the contracting process, Widget Corp. provided specific instructions regarding the installation of these widgets. Lyle, in haste due to an impending child’s soccer match

Physical Development Of The Physical Brain And Body

Hereditary and environmental aspects are interconnected in the developmental of the physical brain and body (Berk Meyers 2016, p.171). Physical development in early childhood is; awareness of space, body and movement (Rogers Wright 2015, p. 24), development of motor capabilities and physical growth (Berk Meyers 2016, p. 5). From birth to two years, children are experiencing physical change; size and weight, brain development and refinement of motor skills (Berk Meyers 2016, p. 5). The environment, social and genetic aspects all have an influence on the physical development of children (Tatiana et al. 2017, p. 1). Physical development is motor development through stage-based milestones, where the progression of physical skills and†¦show more content†¦As the size of the head is much greater than the rest of the body, the brain developments in a very quick pace (Berk Meyers 2016, p. 161). A majority of brain growth occurs rapidly in the early years of an infant’s life and is a crucial period in brain development (Fallik 2016, p. 7). During the first two years, children are forming neurons that store and communicate information and synapses (Berk Meyers 2016, p.162). Nature refers to inborn factors influencing physical development stated in Estourgie-van Burk 2006 (cited in Berk Meyers 2016, p. 171). Genes are in chromosomes that contain a genetic code, which makes humans who we are (Berk Meyers 2016, p.51). Chromosomal abnormalities also influence physical growth, such as children with Down syndrome have slower motor abilities (Berk Meyers 2016, p. 59) therefore having a significant impact on physical development. From birth, almost all children can learn to crawl, walk and grasp items (Berk Meyers 2016, fig. 5.2). Berk and Meyers (2016, p. 171) considers the rate and growth of body size; height and weight are largely influenced by genetics as long as there are no significant negative impacts on the child. Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s ideas on child development were: children have a natural course of growth (Berk Meyers 2016, p. 13). Arnold Gesell modified Rousseau’s ideas which led to the development of the maturational model of development (Berk Meyers 2016, p. 13), where he believed thatShow MoreRelatedThe Body with the Mind, and Learning Essay1132 Words   |  5 PagesA person’s body is connected with the mind in ways that most people do not normally consider. Eating right with balanced nutrition, keeping the body in motion, frequent and consistent exercising, and keeping emotions in check all have positive effects in expanding a person’s capability to learn. Neglecting to care for the body also neglects to care for the brain. Also neglecting to care for the emotional health of the brain can have ill effects on the body. Without having a balanced diet, anRead MoreAdolescent Physical Growth And Development1055 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The focus of this essay is on adolescent physical growth and development. The aim is to give a brief, coherent overview of the expected areas of of growth and development during adolescence, the factors that can interfere that growth and the ways in which physical growth can be promoted. Physical Development Many physical developments during adolescence are initiated by hormone signals from the brain during the onset of puberty. In males, hormone signals tell the testes to beginRead MoreCorrelation Between Purposeful Movement Within The Classroom And Improved Attention Span With An Increase Student Achievement1382 Words   |  6 Pagesmovement, active learning and the effects it has on the human brain. In many settings, early childhood education is becoming increasingly structured, with emphasis on academic achievement and testing. Using movement activities throughout the day is an effective and enjoyable way to support learning and development (Furmanek, 2014). â€Å"When we think of intellectual activity, we always imagine people sitting still, motionless. But mental development must be connected with movement and dependent on it† (Montessori)Read MoreLearning Styles And Sociocultural Influences On Child And Adolescent Development1641 Words   |  7 Pageswill examine the link to development theories, learning styles and sociocultural influences on child and adolescent development. As a developing secondary school preserve teacher, my focus will be mainly on adolescent behaviours and development. I will be examining an article from a media how these developmental theories analyses and helps us to understand the behaviour of child and adolescents. I will also try to explain about the domain of development such as physical, cognitive, emotional andRead MoreHow Is The Brain Changing And Developing?867 Words   |  4 Pagesi. How is the brain changing and developing? The adult brain is crowned by the cerebral cortex which is a wrinkled mass of tissue which is  ¼ centimeters thick. The cerebral cortex contains many systems one of which is the limbic system of the brain that drives a person’s appetite, moods and emotions. There is a well connected relationship between the â€Å"feeling† area of the brain and the â€Å"thinking† area of the brain. One area effects the other at all times. Amygdala is the first part to respond toRead MoreMind-Body Connection Essay1202 Words   |  5 PagesMind-Body Connection and how it Affects Learning James Webb Coll100 American Military University Corey Tutor Mind-Body Connection and how it Affects Learning The mind–body connection examines the relationship between mind and matter, and in particular the relationship between consciousness and the brain. Many throughout history have often wondered what causes the connection between the mental portion of the mind and the physical state of the body. A variety of different topics have beenRead MoreThe Effects Of Physical Education On Schools1277 Words   |  6 PagesOver many decades physical education has been a source of debate in whether it is an essential asset to a schools curriculum. With a failing economy at hand the first subjects to be eradicated are music, drama, and physical education. Dr. Dudley Sargent, a pioneer in physical education at Harvard University, suggest otherwise. In his article, Physical Training as a Compulsory Subject, Sargent argues that physical education is not only beneficial to the individual but is a great asset to a schoolsRead MoreAdolescence : Everything Changes? Essay1199 Words   |  5 PagesA dolescence: Everything Changes Adolescence is a transitional stage of development that has been defined as starting with puberty and lasting the years a person is roughly aged ten to twenty. Dramatic changes take place during adolescence; no other time period of a person’s life except infancy contains so much development into such a short time span. Puberty has historically been viewed as the starting point of adolescence and several factors play a role in determining the timing of puberty suchRead MoreSocial Isolation, Neglect And Child Development964 Words   |  4 PagesSocial Isolation, Neglect and Child Development Social isolation is defined by Nicholson (2009) as a state in which the individual lacks a sense of belonging socially, lacks engagement and social contact with others and is unable to form quality relationships (as cited in Nicholson, 2012). Social isolation and neglect can have detrimental effects on a child’s overall physical, cognitive and emotional development. According to Kendall, Murray and Linden (2007), the initial love and nurturance weRead MoreThe Mind And Body : Theories1174 Words   |  5 PagesThe mind and body are two abstract concepts however; they both can be deduced to a simple principle of materialism. Rene Descartes posed a claim that, the mind and body are not related and concludes that a brain is made of matter while a mind is made of â€Å"mental processes, thought and consciousness† (simply psychology). However, Thomas Hobbes argued that â€Å"everything in the world, including our thoughts and mind, can be explained in terms of one thing: ma tter in motion (many world of logic). Throughout

Analysis Of The Book Scott - 1525 Words

Her body is stiff as she stares at her brother, running down towards the hallway aiming for her as his eyes glow red. Scott! She screams, trying to snap him out. She continues to scream as he runs towards her. His claws extends as his body grew taller and monstrous. His feet pounding against the school s hallway echoes throughout the building. She pulls out a bow and arrow, aiming it at her brother. She takes a deep breath in, but before she knows it, her body is being shredded by claws with her blood oozing onto the floor. Scott! Scott jerks his body, his eyes glance around to realize that he is not laying in his comfortable bed, with his legs tangled with the cotton sheets. He glances at the wall to see that he is holding his†¦show more content†¦Sorry, Scott mumbles, helping his sister of the floor. She walks into Scott s bathroom in a fluster. After several seconds of her staring at herself in the mirror she lets out a low growl. Nothing like my brother leaving bruises on my neck. What am I supposed to tell people at school? Oh someone tried to strangle me with a wire or how about my brother is a werewolf and I just tried waking him up, but instead you tried suffocating me. Which one sounds better? Mae sasses at her older brother. Mae never had a filter since the day she learned how to speak. From picking up sailor language and being poor at keeping secrets, a filter was never consider. The only person that finds that hilarious is Stiles. Scott stares at her neck to see his hand prints red and swollen around her neck. He knows for sure they ll turn into bruises and Mom would be curious, especially their Dad since he is also back into the house. Can t you just put makeup on it? He questions. Can you stop yourself on a full moon? She mocks him, rolling her eyes. As Mae opens up the door to leave her brother, she runs into Isaac. Isaac gives her a puzzled look and points to her neck. Since when did Mae have a boyfriend and I never knew a small girl could be into that stuff. Isaac questions. Mae s heartbeat rises at the question and she clears her throat. Since when were you dating Allison? Mae changes the conversation and directs it at Isaac, crossing her

A Tell Tale Heart By Edgar Allan Poe - 1156 Words

In Class we have focused on many short stories, while analyzing each story we used the mental disorder sheet to sum up what disorder the characters from each story could possibly be suffering from. We can come to the conclusion that all of the stories we read in class contain some level of madness. For example in the short stories â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† by Edgar Allan Poe, both of the main character in these stories believe that they are perfectly wise, but their out of control behaviors proves that they’re mentally ill or to be more specific insane. In the short story â€Å"A tell-tale heart† the unknown narrator is telling us a story about his neighbor who is an old man but his of a vulture: blue pale eye is what frightens him the most. Every night the narrator would creep over to the old mans house and watch him sleep. Yet throughout the day he would pretend as if nothing happened, he would act as if everything was â€Å"normal†. For someone who claims that are sane wouldn’t do such act. Same thing goes along for the unknown narrator in the short story â€Å"The Yellow wallpaper†. The narrator was a woman that went on a vacation with her husband that rented this huge mansion for them to stay. This one specific room that she is left in, the wallpaper â€Å"is ripped, soiled, has an â€Å"unclean yellow and the formless pattern. After staring at that wall for several hours she started to see a ghostly sub-pattern behind the main pattern. YetShow MoreRelatedThe Tell Tale Heart By Edgar Allan Poe1161 Words   |  5 PagesOut of a vast quantity of these English historians, one stood out to me, his name is Edgar Allan Poe. Poe’s writing had its own unique gothic and horror style. The story, The Tell-Tale Heart is one of his very popular pieces of literature, it not only tells a story, but uses Poe’s unique style of writing to silently incorporate different genres, themes, and symbolism to create a sub-story within the text itself. Poe was born in Boston Massachusetts on January 19, 1809. At the young age of just 2 yearsRead MoreThe Tell Tale Heart By Edgar Allan Poe1569 Words   |  7 PagesIn the short story â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart,† author Edgar Allan Poe employs several literary devices such as symbolism, allegory, and imagery. These devices enable us to see and better comprehend the story’s events through the eyes of the narrator. The narrator explains that he is extremely nervous but clarifies that he is not insane; he even goes so far as to share an event from his past to prove that he is not crazy. He believes that he loves the old man and has nothing against him except his horribleRead MoreThe Tell Tale Heart By Edgar Allan Poe Essay1477 Words   |  6 Pagesyourself and others that you weren’t in the wrong for doing something bad? Well, the narrator in the story The Tell-Tale Heart does. Edgar Allan Poe is known to write stories that are of Dark Romanticism. Dark romanticism is a literary genre that showcases gothic stories that portray torture, insanity, murder, and revenge. The story â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† is no different. Edgar Allan Poe does a great job with making the readers wonder throughout this short story. This allegory makes reader’s questionsRead MoreThe Tell Tale Heart By Edgar Allan Poe1502 Words   |  7 PagesThe author Edgar Allan Poe created a beautiful writing piece called â€Å"Tell Tale Heart†, which included literal elements such as mood, tone, and point of view. The story included a tremulous mood for the reader to be able to feel the excitement of the story. According to the text â€Å"Tell Tale Heart†, it states â€Å"And now at the dead hour of the night, amid the dreadful silence of that old house, so strange a noise as this excited me to uncontrollable terror.† This illustrates that the details of the storyRead MoreThe Tell Tale Heart By Edgar Allan Poe986 Words   |  4 Pagesbade the gentlemen welcome. The shriek, I said, was my own in a dream.† The Tell Tale Heart is one of Edger Allan Poe’s most famous and creepiest stories. The premise of this gothic short story is that a man’s own insanity gives him away as a murderer. By using the narrators own thoughts as the story Poe displays the mental instability and the unique way of creating a gothic fiction. While other stories written by Poe reflect this same gothic structure and questionable sanity, this story has aRead MoreThe Tell Tale Heart By Edgar Allan Poe1133 Words   |  5 Pages Written in 1843, The Tell-Tale Heart by Edgar Allan Poe incorporates nearly all of the gothic elements. While this piece of art may not contain all of the gothic elements, it is the epitome of a gothic short story. In The Tell-Tale Heart, the setting seems to be inside an old house, which strengthens the atmosphere of mystery and suspense. The madness and overall insanity of the narrator illustrates the sense of high, overwrought emotion. The presence of creaking hinges and the darkness representRead MoreThe Tell Tale Heart By Edgar Allan Poe1644 Words   |  7 Pages Edgar Allan Poe was a prominent American writer whose writing reflected his tragic life. He began to sell short stories for profit after being forced to leave United States Military Academy for lack of financial support. Over the next decade, Poe published some of his best-known works, including The Fall of the House of Usher (1839), The Raven (1845), and The Cask of Amontillado (1846). It is in these stories that Po e established his unique dark writing style that often have the recurring themeRead MoreThe Tell Tale Heart By Edgar Allan Poe1030 Words   |  5 PagesA Guilty- Mad Heart â€Å"Burduck then goes on to ponder how Poe used cultural anxieties and psychological panic to advantage.† (Grim Phantasms, G.A. Cevasco). In The Tell-Tale Heart by Edgar Allan Poe, a nameless man narrates the story of how he murdered an elderly man because of his eyes. In his short story The Tell-Tale Heart, Poe shows the themes of guilt and the descent into madness through the narrator, in this gothic horror story. Edgar Allan Poe wrote many gothic tales throughout his lifeRead MoreThe Tell Tale Heart By Edgar Allan Poe879 Words   |  4 PagesIn between guilt, paranoia and obsession The Tell-Tale Heart by Edgar Allan Poe uses several literary elements to support the themes of the story. The story is based on a gruesome murder of an old man. The author uses madness, obsession and guilt as themes to prove how the narrator is truly twisted and insane. Madness is the first theme of the story; in the beginning the narrator tries to convince the audience he is not mad (insane). â€Å"TRUE!... nervous very, very nervous I had been and am; but whyRead MoreThe Tell-Tale Heart by Edgar Allan Poe1136 Words   |  5 Pagesmotivated by the hatred of the eye in this story. The story gives characteristics that fit the profile of a murderer such as the opening sentence, â€Å"TRUE! - Nervous - very, very dreadfully nervous I had been and am; but why will you say that I am mad?† (POE). The narrator believes he is not mad, and thinks that this nervousness is simply caused by being hypersensitive proving his sanity. I felt as though throughout the story, the narrator is trying to convince the reader that he is perfectly sane and not

Security and Privacy Issues of VOIP and Skype

Question: Describe about the Security and Privacy Issues of VOIP and Skype. Answer: Introduction Voice over Internet Protocol commonly known as VOIP is a collection of methods and technologies to exchange voice and multimedia over the network which is the Internet. It allows communication to take place in the form of various services such as fax, SMS, video conferencing and many others (Vaishnav, 2016). Skype is a popular application that makes use of VOIP and has been developed by Microsoft. Skype allows instant messaging, file sharing, audio and video conferencing and a lot more and is widely used by the home and business users to connect with each other irrespective of their geographical locations. There are a number of security and privacy issues that are present in case of Skype and VOIP applications. Literature Review VOIP, Skype and the other applications and services that make use of VOIP make use of Internet Protocol for their activities. For the communications to take place over VOIP there is no dedicated telephone line or system necessary and the same brings down the cost that is associated with the services. The voice and data transfer capacity that comes with VOIP based applications is also massive. Ease of access, non-stop availability and lower costs are some of the features that come handy with Skype and other VOIP applications. However, with numerous advantages and benefits, there are a few risk areas that are also present with these applications. There are increased scenarios of data collision and congestions along with exposure to multiple security risks which may prove to be dangerous for the data and information being exchanged (Fontanini, 2016). Research Questions Following are the research questions that have been addressed and answered with the aid of the analysis and research done on the topic. What is the meaning of VOIP and Skype and what are the services that are provided by each? What are the confidentiality attacks that have an adverse impact on the security and privacy of the information exchanged over VOIP and Skype? What are the integrity attacks that have an adverse impact on the security and privacy of the information exchanged over VOIP and Skype? What are the availability attacks that have an adverse impact on the security and privacy of the information exchanged over VOIP and Skype? What are the measures that can be executed and installed to keep the security and privacy of the information unaltered at all times? Security and Privacy Issues There are three properties of information that must be kept safe and secure at all times and these three properties are confidentiality, integrity and availability. There are attacks that are executed that hamper these properties of data and information which in turn results in compromise on the security and privacy of the same. Confidentiality Threats Eavesdropping of phone conversation Skype and other VOIP applications work on the nodes that are present in this category of communication medium. Due to the presence of a huge number of nodes, an attacker gains access to any one of them and gets a chance to eavesdrop in the conversation or exchange taking place (Xin, 2016). Call Pattern Tracking There is often a pattern associated with the calls that take place over Skype or VOIP services in terms of time, frequency, participants and other factors. These patterns are studied by the attackers and valuable information in retrieved from the same. Data Mining Attacks Attackers acquire the phone numbers or credentials through intercepted message and then execute attacks such as spam calls, fraud messages and likewise (Park, 2016). Reconstruction Attacks A piece of information is acquired by the attacker through unauthorized measures and the same is reconstructed to give it a misleading shape. Integrity Attacks Integrity Attacks Message Alteration The messages that are exchanged over Skype or VOIP are often altered to provide them a different shape and the activity is done in an unauthorized manner. There are a number of entities that are involved in a particular call and these entities are added, deleted or modified by the attacker without the permission to do the same (Obidinnu and Ibor, 2016). Media Alteration The other form of the integrity attack is the alteration of the media. The media being exchanged over the VOIP channels is degraded, upgraded or modified without the required permissions to perform the same. Quality of the media is also hampered in this form of integrity attack (Lazzez, 2016). Availability Attacks Call Flooding The attacker introduces a lot of unwanted traffic on the communication channel which results in breaking down of the services (Sonkar, 2016). Media Session Hijacking Hijacking of the media sessions is often done in which there are unauthorized re-routing and alterations involved. These activities hamper the availability of the services. Server Impersonating The attacker in this form of the attack impersonates as the media server and acquires the trust of the clients. The request and response cycle that is followed by this activity results in disruptions in the availability of the information and services. QoS Abuse Bandwidth of the connections is often exhausted in these attacks and the same cause jitters and slippages which are considered to be a negative point as far as the quality of a particular service is concerned (Shaidani, 2016). Summary of Discussions Review 1 A blended technique has been received in the exploration by gathering the quantitative and also subjective strategy. Various elements have been utilized to ask about the data that is important to actualize the VOIP and Skype procedures in the association. The way of assaults can likewise be resolved with the assistance of gathering the data that is obtained from the different substances. Review 2 VOIP has picked up ubiquity among the clients in the previous couple of years and a great deal of work has been accomplished for the advancement of the administrations that are made accessible by the same. Likewise, there are various dangers that are additionally created by the pernicious elements to hamper the working of the same. There are assaults that are propelled in the expression of VOIP taking a gander at the enormous trade that happens over the medium. The achievement of these assaults permits the aggressors to get hold of the essential and imperative data that is connected with a specific association. These assaults are finished with the utilization of the system and the data security measures and are essentially executed to influence the classification, trustworthiness and accessibility of the data. Flooding, sniffing, dissent of administrations, message adjustment, media modification, listening stealthily and so forth are various such assaults that incur significant damage on the data security over VOIP. The countermeasures to these assaults are additionally grown at the same time to think of the system to moderate and control the effect of these assaults on the data. These measures are created on the premise of the assault and data classification. Issues that were not addressed and its Impact The research on the topic has been done well and the research questions have also been answered accurately. There could have been a little more explanation on the services and the procedure of the operations that are covered under Skype and the various VOIP applications that are present. These would have provided a better understanding of the topic and would have allowed the reader to be engaged in a better manner. Skype is the application that is used by a huge number of users and the functioning details of its services would have added to the knowledge and clarity of the reader about the topic. Lessons Learned There are a number of security and privacy issues that are present with VOIP and Skype. However, the same can be prevented by making use of the measures to avoid and prevent the same. There are various hostile to forswearing of administration measures that can be adjusted by the associations to stay safe from such assaults. The groups can make utilization of constraining of SYN rate or entrance separating also to stay away from the forswearing in the administration and keep up the accessibility of the data and correspondence at all times. There are also many stronger measures associated with the authentication methods such as use of multi layer authentication also know as two steps or three step authentications. Networks need to be monitored on a regular and constant basis by using measures such as network scans, network monitoring, intrusion detection and prevention. Encryption is a powerful technique that will stay significant even if the attacker succeeds in acquiring information from the communication channel as the attacker will not be able to break in to the encrypted information. The same will be of no use in this case. There are a number of legal and regulatory measures that can be adopted to prevent these attacks. A strong legal architecture will automatically minimize the rate and frequency of such attacks (Kulkarni, 2016). The first and foremost measures must never be ignored such as physical security, anti-viruses, installation of firewalls and likewise (Hung, 2016). Security reviews and audits must be a typical movement in the associations to have a check of the security systems that are taken after furthermore to comprehend the regions of change. VOIP and Skype are not dependent upon a particular device or an operating system to be accessed and can be used on desktop as well as mobile devices. These operating systems must be updated on a regular basis to make sure that the risks that are introduced specific to a particular operating system or to a particular version are prevented. It is also necessary to secure the wireless networks over which these applications and services are accessed. It is because these networks act as the prime source of the entry point for the attacker. Conclusion VOIP and Skype are the measures that provide the users an ability to interact easily with each other and perform other activities as well such as transfer of files from one system to another over the Internet. These mediums allow communications to take place in a cost effective manner and with non-stop availability and accessibility as well. However, there are a number of security and privacy issues that are associated with VOIP and Skype in the form of confidentiality threats, integrity threats and availability threats. These can be controlled and treats with the aid of a number of countermeasures that are now made available for the home as well as the business users. References Fontanini, P. (2016). VoIP Security. Brage.bibsys.no. Retrieved 11 September 2016, from https://brage.bibsys.no/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/143809/Fontanini_VOIP_Security.pdf?sequence=1 Hung, P. (2016). Through the looking glass: Security issues in VOIP applications. Retrieved 11 September 2016, from https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.84.7089rep=rep1type=pdf Kulkarni, S. (2016). VoIP Cell Phones : Security concerns and Countermeasures. Retrieved 11 September 2016, from https://www.ijser.org/researchpaper%5CVoIP-Cell-Phones-Security-concerns-and-Countermeasures.pdf Lazzez, A. (2016). VoIP Technology: Security Issues Analysis. Retrieved 11 September 2016, from https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1312/1312.2225.pdf Obidinnu, J. Ibor, A. (2016). A survey of Attacks on VoIP networks and Countermeasures. Ajol.info. Retrieved 11 September 2016, from https://www.ajol.info/index.php/wajiar/article/viewFile/128074/117625 Park, P. (2016). Threats Against Confidentiality VoIP Threat Taxonomy. Ciscopress.com. Retrieved 11 September 2016, from https://www.ciscopress.com/articles/article.asp?p=1245881seqNum=2 Shaidani, S. (2016). Attacks and Defenses Against Voice over IP (VoIP). Retrieved 11 September 2016, from https://www.cs.tufts.edu/comp/116/archive/fall2015/sshaidani.pdf Sonkar, S. (2016). A Review Paper: Security on Voice over Internet Protocol from Spoofing attacks. Retrieved 11 September 2016, from https://www.ijarcce.com/upload/may/A%20Review%20Paper%20Security%20on%20Voice%20over%20Internet%20Protocol%20from%20Spoofing%20attacks.pdf Vaishnav, C. (2016). Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP): The Dynamics of Technology and Regulation. Retrieved 11 September 2016, from https://web.mit.edu/chintanv/www/Publications/MIT_TPP_Thesis_Chintan_Vaishnav_Final.pdf Xin, J. (2016). Security Issues and countermeasure for VoIP. Sans.org. Retrieved 11 September 2016, from https://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/voip/security-issues-countermeasure-voip-1701

Organizational Changes at Meatpack for Bison-myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theOrganizational Changes at Meatpack for Bison. Answer: The managerial approach of Bison would decide the work culture of the organization. According to his aim to make MeatPack a billion dollar organization by 2020, Bison needs to evaluate the pros and cons of hands-off and hands-on approach to the business and put his best foot forward towards managing the organization. Rather than a single management approach, Bison should balance between the hands-off and hands-on approach. The management styles of hands-on and hands-off approach are studied in detail to understand what will benefit the organization. A hands-on approach of management is the manager being in close contact with the employees and is engaged in tasks similar to the employees (Wheelen and Hunger 2017). The hands-on approach gives the employee more job satisfaction and the manager can get better feedback from the employees as well as the customers. In the hands-off approach, the manger trusts the employees to use their creativity and the ideas to solve the issues arising in the organization or any other problems (Nisbet 2017). This approach allows the employees to have more freedom in performing their duties and thereby assures job satisfaction. In this approach, the manager is away from the basic processes of the organization, which makes it tough for them to manage the employees. The Aim that Bison has for MeatPack cannot be achieved by a single managerial approach as there will be the requirement of application of the both the approaches. The expansion of the company would need a more hands-off approach of entrusting the capabilities of the person to whom the job is assigned. On the other hand, more hands-on approach should be taken to inculcate the organizational culture and help the new employees of the organization. The balance of both is extremely necessary for the success of an expanding organization. MeatPack had always been employing people on a word of mouth basis so there have always been employees from the same family working for the company. The management of the MeatPack has also been also been a family owned business for a long time so most of the managerial posts belonged to the family members. This organizational attitude of MeatPack has always been a hands-on approach being a family run organization, which has made it a micro managed organiza tion curbing its growth. The Human Synergistics Circumplex introduced to MeatPack showed negative behavior of the employees for which necessary changed in the management are to be made to make a horizontal organization rather than a hierarchical one (Ellis 2014). The horizontal team of managers needs to have a hands-on approach to the interaction with the employees and Bison need to have hands-on approach towards these managers to explain the work environment and organizational goals with them. While expanding the company the franchisee the person under whom the franchisee is entrusted needs to be trusted with his task and more hands-off approach is to be taken for them to have their freedom to do their work. According to reinforcement theory of motivation in organizational behavior it in needed improve the organizational attitude of the new employees and inculcate the work culture and ethics in them (Lepper and Greene 2015). This needs a more hands-on approach towards the new employees. The hands-on approac h employed with the new employees helps them learn quicker and inculcate work culture, which has positive effect on their job satisfaction. Once they learn they should be allowed to use their experiences and a more hands of approach should be taken. To make cultural changes in the organization a more hands-off attitude toward the organization is to be employed to understand the culture of the employees and explain the organizations culture to them. The imbalance of approach from Bisons side would harm the overall work balance of the organization as the job satisfaction of the employees and their workplace attitude depends on it (Christensen and Schneider 2015). The Behavior-Attitude Theory of Organizational Behavior is to be employed in such a cross-cultural organization where assessment with Enterprise resource planning (ERP) software is done (Haddara, Fagerstrm and Mland 2015). The hands-off approach is to be employed when the management is made to shift from the family oriented business to a cross cultured organization. Bison needs to manage the two management styles to create a balance to that a hands-on approach is available based on their personal work ethics. Some employees may find a hands-on approach helpful while others will find it intrusive. The management should pay heed how to manage the employees based on the work ethics preferable across cultures. Thus, Bison needs to manage his organization by balancing his attitude between these two management attitudes. To balance a multicultural Pan-Australian organization intrusive steps need to taken in some area while others need to be given a certain amount of freedom to perform their duties. An overdoing of ant of the two approaches would harm the organizational attitude and behavior of the employees affecting their productivity. The hands-on and hands-off attitude will help Bison increase the reach of his organization and adapt according to the cultural need helping in the growth. The development of the leadership competency among his senior strategic team is something Bison has been keen to do. The change in the senior strategic team and the management that Bison wanted changed the dynamics of the company. Bison was very enthusiastic about the change in the senior management and too active participation in a senior leader development company and an executive coaching. The interaction with the senior team members gave the team members important insights (Dong et. al. 2017). The change in the senior management level brought about a number of changes in the management and with the senior team, Bison too found it tough adapt with the organizational changes happening in the organization. He found the new hands-off approach to be extremely hard to adapt. Moreover, the lack of quickness in decision-making in certain cases and his keeping his involvement minimum when the decisions did not suit him was tough for Bison. Bisons hands-on attitude in the management of MeatPack and his intervention in the work of senior officials caused a number of leaders to leave. The thing harming the repute of the company was that these people were helping in the progress of the company. The lack of communication among the senior strategic teams caused the misunderstanding among them regarding the purpose causing many senior officials to leave (Mishra, Boynton and Mishra 2014). These officials leaving the Meatpack affected its business as according to its COO as they were making positive progress before they left. The resigning proved to be harmful for the business as the consumer and supplier relationship suffered, which helped competitor to gain an edge over the company. The structural and organizational changes in the management along with the outsourcing did not help the purpose of the company as it brought loss of business and lack of leadership in the organization. The internal debates arising in the organization regarding the profitability after the outsourcing and the question arising about the changes in the organizational structure is proving to be harmful for the company. Nonetheless, it was a start towards management changes for an organization, which gives its ground root employees more job satisfaction and a better scope, which would in future be conducive for Bisons aim of becoming a Billion dollar organization. Serious steps need to be taken by Bison to resolve his issues and lead from the front by sharing his vision regarding the company and its future. To fulfill this, a proper organizational communication plan needs to be made through which the new ideals and the ambitions of Bison can reach the employees and they can work as a unit for its achievement. The communication steps are to be taken as shown in Structural Functions Systems Theory where communication channels are kept open and transparent regarding the crisis. A proper organizational communication channel would also help in resolving issues between different managerial bodies, the task they are assigned and the work (Ritzer and Stepnisky 2017). Positive reinforcement should be given to the employees and they should be kept updated regarding the organizational changes and the expectations from them. A more hands-off approach, unless it is necessary. The competence of the top senior officials should be trusted they should be given their creative space to perform their duties. Bison needs to keep in account the fact that after employing people other than those of his family he needs to keep a balance such as those in Unequal Human Capital Theory where certain employees feel others get better treatment than them (Marvel, Davis, and Sprout 2016). Bison should get the stakeholders and the employees involved in the achievement of his ultimate ambition in accordance to Diffusion of Innovation Theory (Baskerville et. al. 2014). In this way in times of crisis like the one in the senior management and otherwise the employees will keep high morals and will productively work towards the progress of the organization. If the management takes these steps, better output is expected from the organization. The organizational management needs to device its communication channel to reach out to the employees and organizational skills should be used to provide a proper work environment (Shockley-Zalabak 2014). In a cross-cultural expansion envisioned by Bison, steps are needed to use cross-cultural management, which will help the organization understand the employees and the employees from different backgrounds to identify with the organizational culture (Thomas and Peterson 2017). These management skill help in making the employees from various cultures understand the work culture and the aims of the organization. Cross-cultural management, employment, and recruitment will not be enough to for the progress and achievement of Bisons goals. The products need to be marketed and sold to the clients across different cultural backgrounds, which will need a proper understanding of the market (Kaynak and Herbig 2014). The senior management needs to do these marketing developments for the progression of the organization. The organizational management needs to diversify its approach and change its organizational approach according to the needs of the environment. It also needs to identify with the mutual goals in accordance with the people it employs. Hence, the senior management needs to organize and manage the behavior of the organization in such a way that the workplace attitude is positive and the productivity is increased. The flatter structure of the organization helps the managers and the senior officials becoming leaders rather than managers (Yinan, Tang and Zhang 2014). The leading attitude of the managers helps in developing a team attitude among the employees of the organization. The organizational culture in MeatPack underwent a change with the change in the structural organization as planned by Bison. The demanding nature of the work to be done for the organization leads to low productivity because of the nature of work in the organization. Majority of the employees working for MeatPack display a high loyalty towards the company and have been working for it for 10 to 15 years. The flatter structure of the organization helps in developing a more hands-on approach and having a better team attitude. The new approach helps in improving the communication between the employees as the middle management is removed which is prevalent in hierarchical organization. The structure allows the employees to understand the expectations of the organization and provide better outputs increasing the productivity of the organization. The flatter structure of the organization helps the senior management to reach out to the employees with the goals of the organization and the ways of achieving it. In case of MeatPack, where the workers have been working for a long time and were majorly employed on a word of mouth basis, such cultural change and the change in management required a flatter structure for a better understanding among the employees and the management. The change in the structure has helped the employees in valuing themselves more as a part of the organization and thus giving more effort in the development of the organization. The Rockefeller Habits encouraged by Bison to be followed by the organization help in progress of the organization (Bell 2015). Despite the early communication crisis among the senior executives, the step of flatter management has helped in the development of job satisfaction among the front line employees, which has helped in increasing the productivity. The increasing number of m anagers and the lack of worker is one of the problems. There have not been any major barriers because of the cultural change but there have been issues, which the management needs to resolve (Jessop 2013). The only barrier to the cultural change, which also affected its proper implementation, was the lack of proper communication channels. The change in the organizational structure required new communication channels according to the structure and the transition in communication was the barrier to the cultural change in the organization (Shockley-Zalabak 2014). The cultural changes in the organization brought about by Bison greatly influenced the workplace attitude and the productivity of the organization (Alvesson and Sveningsson 2015). However, the communication channels improved the work culture change from hierarchical to a flat organization posed other issues regarding the productivity. The increased number of mangers in the organization leads to imbalance between the productivity goals and the original production output of the organ ization. The new pattern of the work shifts is another issue because of which the day shift employees face a lesser workload than evening shift employees. There has been increasing pressure on the line mangers and the frontline employees to deliver on time. Apart from earlier tussles amongst the senior employees to leave there have been no major effects or barriers in the organization. There have been situational crisis during the initial implementation of the new work culture, but later the employees of MeatPack adapted to it (Muscalu and Halmaghi, 2015). The cultural changes in the organization have been smooth because of the loyalty of the employees. Work attitudes toward the cultural change have been mostly positive for the organization from both the managerial level and the frontline production employees. Bisons idea of involving the management with the employees has developed an organization strategy where the employees are given importance along with the managerial team. They are given equal space and priority in the achievement of the organizational goals because of which, the employees take part in increasing the output of the organization. Despite of being multicultural organization, there have not been any major cultural clashes in MeatPack because it is a familial organization. The cultural changes affected the productivity positively, made the organization a better place, and greatly increased the job satisfaction of the employees. The crisis arising due to the lack of communication was perhaps the only problem arising out of the cultural shift, which was automatically resolved after the management transition, was complete. The barriers of the cultural change in case of MeatPack were the change that was intended. When the transition of the organization was complete, the issues were resolved automatically. References Alvesson, M. and Sveningsson, S., 2015.Changing organizational culture: Cultural change work in progress. Routledge. Baskerville, R., Bunker, D., Olaisen, J., Pries-Heje, J., Larsen, T.J. and Swanson, E.B., 2014, June. Diffusion and Innovation Theory: Past, Present, and Future Contributions to Academia and Practice. InInternational Working Conference on Transfer and Diffusion of IT(pp. 295-300). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. Bell, K., 2015. Habits: remaking addiction. Christensen, K. and Schneider, B. eds., 2015.Workplace flexibility: Realigning 20th-century jobs for a 21st-century workforce. Cornell University Press. Dong, Y., Bartol, K.M., Zhang, Z.X. and Li, C., 2017. Enhancing employee creativity via individual skill development and team knowledge sharing: Influences of dual?focused transformational leadership.Journal of Organizational Behavior,38(3), pp.439-458. Ellis, T., 2014. How to increase the chance of project success (1087). InMastering Complex Projects Conference 2014(p. 283). Engineers Australia. Haddara, M., Fagerstrm, A. and Mland, B., 2015. Cloud ERP Systems: Anatomy of Adoption Factors Attitudes.Journal of Enterprise Resource Planning Studies,2015. Jessop, B., 2013. 12. Recovered imaginaries, imagined recoveries: a cultural political economy of crisis construals and crisis-management in the North Atlantic Financial Crisis.Before and beyond the global economic crisis: Economics, politics and settlement, p.234. Kaynak, E. and Herbig, P., 2014.Handbook of cross-cultural marketing. Routledge. Lepper, M.R. and Greene, D. eds., 2015.The hidden costs of reward: New perspectives on the psychology of human motivation. Psychology Press. Marvel, M.R., Davis, J.L. and Sproul, C.R., 2016. Human capital and entrepreneurship research: A critical review and future directions.Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,40(3), pp.599-626. Mishra, K., Boynton, L. and Mishra, A., 2014. Driving employee engagement: The expanded role of internal communications.International Journal of Business Communication,51(2), pp.183-202. Muscalu, E. and Halmaghi, E.E., 2015. CHANGE IN ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE.Scientific Bulletin" Mircea cel Batran" Naval Academy,18(2), p.348. Nisbet, E., 2017. A hands-on hands-off approach: governance of managed long-term care services in a context of rapid policy change.Public Management Review, pp.1-21. Ritzer, G. and Stepnisky, J., 2017.Modern sociological theory. SAGE Publications. Shockley-Zalabak, P., 2014.Fundamentals of organizational communication. Pearson. Thomas, D.C. and Peterson, M.F., 2017.Cross-cultural management: Essential concepts. Sage Publications. Wheelen, T.L. and Hunger, J.D., 2017.Strategic management and business policy. pearson. Yinan, Q., Tang, M. and Zhang, M., 2014. Mass customization in flat organization: The mediating role of supply chain planning and corporation coordination.Journal of Applied Research and Technology,12(2), pp.171-181.